OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar o consumo alimentar durante a semana com o do final de semana de vinte crianças de uma creche filantrópica, com base na pirâmide alimentar de crianças brasileiras de dois e três anos, proposta por Philippi. MÉTODOS: A avaliação sociodemográfica foi realizada por meio das variáveis: renda mensal familiar, escolaridade, condições de moradia e saneamento básico. Para a avaliação dietética foram utilizados os métodos de pesagem direta de alimentos (na creche) e registro alimentar (na residência) após três meses de freqüência da criança na creche. Os alimentos e preparações consumidos pelas crianças durante a semana e no final de semana foram transformados em porções em função dos oito grupos de alimentos correspondentes, conforme recomendado por Philippi. Posteriormente, compararam-se as médias das porções consumidas no final de semana com o consumo semanal de cada grupo de alimentos, utilizando o teste "t" de Student para verificar significância estatística entre os grupos, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre a média de porções de carnes, leguminosas, legumes e frutas consumidos nos dois momentos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: A dieta do final de semana é mais inadequada do que a dieta oferecida às crianças durante a semana.

Agaricus brasiliensis currently is one of the most studied fungi because of its nutritional and therapeutic properties as an anti-inflammatory agent and an adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy. The effects of orally administered aqueous A. brasiliensis extract (14.3- and 42.9-mg doses) on parenchymal lung damage induced by carcinogenic 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were observed in Wistar rats. NNK treatment induced pulmonary inflammation, but not lung cancer, in the rats. The lungs of animals treated with NNK showed a higher level of inflammation than those of the control group according to histopathologic examinations (P < 0.01) and kurtosis analysis (P < 0.001) of a global histogram generated from thoracic computed tomography scans. There was no significant difference in the alveolar and bronchial exudates between animals treated with a 14.3-mg dose of A. brasiliensis extract and the control without NNK. However, a significant difference was found between animals treated with NNK, received a 42.9-mg dose of A. brasiliensis (P < 0.05), and the controls not treated with NNK. We did not observe a significant difference between the kurtoses of the A. brasiliensis (14.3 mg) and control groups. However, a 42.9-mg dose of A. brasiliensis resulted in lower kurtosis values than those observed in the control group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a low dose of A. brasiliensis was more effective in attenuating pulmonary inflammation. Similar to the histopathological results, the computed tomography scans also showed a protective effect of A. brasiliensis at the lower dose, which prevented gross pulmonary consolidation.

High-fat diet-induced obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. The Brazil nut has bioactive substances and has been used to control the damage caused by obesity in several organs. The work intended to show the damage caused by high-fat diet in the bladder wall and if the Brazil nut oil added to the diet could ameliorate or reverse this effect. Sixty-day-old rats were divided into two groups: C (control, n = 30) and HF (high-fat, n = 30) diets. At 90 days, 10 animals of each group were sacrificed. The others were divided into 4 groups: C and HF (animals that maintained their previous diet, n = 10 for each group) and C / Bno and HF / Bno (animals whose control or high-fat diet was supplemented by Brazil nut oil, n = 10 for each group). Sacrifice occurred at 120 days, and the bladders were removed and analyzed. Epithelial height was increased in the HF compared to the C group. In contrast, the C / Bno had a lower epithelial height compared to the others. The percentage of collagen between the detrusor muscle fibers was significantly greater in C / Bno, HF and HF / Bno than in control group. The HF had a larger muscle fiber diameter than the C group, while the C / Bno presented lower values than the HF and HF / Bno groups. HF diets induced bladder wall damage. These changes in the rat's bladder wall were partially reversed by the Bno.

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