Royal Sun Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis (Higher Basidiomycetes) and the Attenuation of Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone (NNK)

Abstract

Agaricus brasiliensis currently is one of the most studied fungi because of its nutritional and therapeutic properties as an anti-inflammatory agent and an adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy. The effects of orally administered aqueous A. brasiliensis extract (14.3- and 42.9-mg doses) on parenchymal lung damage induced by carcinogenic 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were observed in Wistar rats. NNK treatment induced pulmonary inflammation, but not lung cancer, in the rats. The lungs of animals treated with NNK showed a higher level of inflammation than those of the control group according to histopathologic examinations (P < 0.01) and kurtosis analysis (P < 0.001) of a global histogram generated from thoracic computed tomography scans. There was no significant difference in the alveolar and bronchial exudates between animals treated with a 14.3-mg dose of A. brasiliensis extract and the control without NNK. However, a significant difference was found between animals treated with NNK, received a 42.9-mg dose of A. brasiliensis (P < 0.05), and the controls not treated with NNK. We did not observe a significant difference between the kurtoses of the A. brasiliensis (14.3 mg) and control groups. However, a 42.9-mg dose of A. brasiliensis resulted in lower kurtosis values than those observed in the control group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a low dose of A. brasiliensis was more effective in attenuating pulmonary inflammation. Similar to the histopathological results, the computed tomography scans also showed a protective effect of A. brasiliensis at the lower dose, which prevented gross pulmonary consolidation.

Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID‐19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation?

“…24 Another AbM extract given orally to rats with carcinogen-induced lung damage, attenuated the pulmonary inflammation and ensuing gross pulmonary consolidation. 52 As mentioned, AbM did improve cerebral inflammation from malaria. 47 Moreover, HE mycelium and HE-derived erinacine A protected against neural cell death induced by brain ischaemia in a rat model by inhibiting iNOS and MAP kinase, proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, and promoting nerve growth properties.…”

“…Johnson et al reported that Andosan™ had predominantly anti‐inflammatory effect in vivo, as demonstrated by systemic reduction in proinflammatory cytokines 21 and antioxidant effect in peripheral leucocytes (Table 3). 24 Another AbM extract given orally to rats with carcinogen‐induced lung damage, attenuated the pulmonary inflammation and ensuing gross pulmonary consolidation 52 . As mentioned, AbM did improve cerebral inflammation from malaria 47 .…”

Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

“…Animal data (Table 4). AbM extract given orally has been found to reduce carcinogen-induced lung damage in rats due to the attenuation of pulmonary inflammation [74]. Interestingly, in a murine malaria model, it was shown that AbM extract counteracted the deteriorating consequence of cerebral malaria by reducing proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β [73].…”

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“…brasiliensis (Yu, Han et al 2013). La administración de pequeñas dosis de A. brasiliensis también es capaz de atenuar la inflamación pulmonar inducida en ratas WISTAR, posiblemente como consecuencia de su actividad inmunomoduladora sobre los macrófagos (Croccia, Lopes et al 2013).…”

“…edodes y dos variedades de A. bisporus también ejercieron efectos antiinflamatorios al inducir la superproducción, in vitro, de IL-23 en la línea J.744.1 de monocitos de ratón e in vivo, en un modelo de colitis aguda inducida. Igualmente Agaricus brasiliensis, en bajas dosis atenuaba la inflamación pulmonar(Croccia, Lopes et al 2013). A partir de este hongo, se aisló su metabolito secundario, agaricoglicérico, y se demostró que su administración en ratones alimentados con altos niveles de sacarosa, era capaz de restablecer la disfunción metabólica, disminuyendo las citoquinas inflamatorias mediante la vía NF-kB(Yu, Han et al 2013).…”