Affirmative action policies to provide access to higher education for socially vulnerable students have been implemented in several countries and have faced many questions nowadays. The aim of the study was to compare the socioeconomic background and performance during and after completing the undergraduate course of students admitted through the regular path and social quota systems in a public medical school in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including students admitted to a medical school within the School of Health Sciences (ESCS), in Brazil, between 2005 and 2012, and followed until May 2020. In the first phase, data collection was performed by analyzing documents from the ESCS academic management system and Brazilian government agencies. In the second phase, a survey with 12 questions was sent to the medical school alumni. The social quota system criteria were the public school attendance in all primary and secondary education levels. Results: Among 707 students, 204 (28.9%) were from the social quota and 503 (78.5%) from the regular path system. The place of residence of social quota students had a lower Human Development Index (p < 0.001) and per capita income (p < 0.001) when compared to regular path students. Regular path students were associated with the highest dropout from medical school (OR: 50.552, 95% CI: 12.438-205.453, p < 0.001). There was no difference between regular path and social quota students attending medical residency programs (OR: 1.780, 95% CI: 0.957-3.309, p = 0.069). Out of the 308 alumni who completed the survey, regular path students had more family members who were health professionals than social quota students (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding monthly income, job satisfaction, employment, or management activities. Conclusion: Affirmative action targeted students with a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. Regular path students had a higher dropout rate than social quota students.
Resumo A pesquisa sobre riscos psicossociais no trabalho tem se desenvolvido no mundo nas últimas três décadas na busca da compreensão desta classe de riscos ocupacionais. Afim de caracterizar este campo de pesquisa, realizou-se a análise bibliométrica da produção nacional de 2008 a 2017. Foram identificados 37 artigos que foram analisados quanto a área do periódico, evolução temporal, afiliação institucional dos autores, relações de coautoria, número de referências, número citações, tipo de estudo e instrumentos. Os indicadores bibliométricos foram analisados por meio de testes não paramétricos. Os resultados apontam para uma produção estacionária, com predomínio de publicações na área de Enfermagem e Saúde Coletiva. Identificou-se grupos isolados de pesquisadores e com baixa participação de pesquisadores da área de psicologia. Os estudos empíricos são majoritariamente descritivos e centrados em profissões da área de saúde. As conclusões apontam para necessidade de maior integração entre pesquisadores e desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa duradouros.
Objectives Affirmative action providing higher education access for socially vulnerable students has been implemented in several countries. However, these policies remain controversial. This study compares the performance of students admitted through the regular path and social quota systems, during and after completion of nursing education, in a public nursing school in Brazil. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all students admitted to nursing school at the School of Health Sciences (ESCS), Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, who were followed until May 2020. The first phase involved document analysis from the ESCS academic management system and Brazilian government agencies. In the second phase, a survey was conducted among the alumni. The social quota system criterion was public school attendance across all primary and secondary education levels. Results Of the 448 students included in the study, 178 (39.7%) were from the affirmative action and 270 (60.3%) from the regular path systems. Affirmative action students were older at the time of nursing school admission (p < 0.001) and took longer to be admitted to the nursing school (p < 0.001) after completing high school. There were no significant differences in the dropout rates and years to complete nursing school. In the second phase, 108 alumni answered the survey. No significant differences were found in their participation in the undergraduate scientific research program and university extension projects, attending residency programs, getting a master’s degree and doctoral degree, monthly income, teaching activity, joining public service through a government job competition process, participation in management activities in the private and public health sector, and degree of job satisfaction. Conclusion Our results revealed that affirmative action is a policy that contributes to the reduction of inequalities and guarantees the training of nursing professionals with a similar professional qualification received through affirmative action and regular path systems.
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) no contexto da Segurança Pública. Para tanto foi aplicado o inventário em 786 profissionais da Segurança Pública de dezoito estados brasileiros e de diversas instituições de segurança pública. Foram analisados a discriminação dos itens do inventário pela teoria de resposta ao item e as dimensões fatoriais pela análise de correspondência múltipla. A partir da análise dos autovalores, do exame do diagrama de sedimentação e da conformidade com a teoria foi observado apenas uma dimensão para o instrumento, ao contrário de dois, como proposto pela literatura. Pela análise dos itens pela TRI, é sugerido a exclusão de 3 itens do instrumento, por não possuírem graus suficientes de discriminação. Ao final, os autores sugerem uma agenda de pesquisa, que busque identificar as propriedades psicométricas do ISSL em outros contextos.
Este artigo busca contextualizar as questões relativas à saúde mental no contexto universitário, apresentando algumas práticas já desenvolvidas, além de citar desafios futuros. Discute tanto o sofrimento de estudantes quanto de professores no meio acadêmico. Foi produzido a partir de reflexões, bem como referências já publicadas a respeito da temática. Também cita brevemente os artigos que são apresentados neste dossiê, com o intuito de encontrar pontos em comum. Pode-se dizer que os estudos que envolvem o sofrimento psíquico no ambiente universitário são recentes e que esta problemática vem afetando tanto instituições públicas quanto privadas. Busca-se propor alternativas à esse sofrimento com o intuito de facilitar o processo acadêmico de universitários e as vivências de professores no âmbito do trabalho nas instituições de ensino superior.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo teórico é analisar os conceitos de fatores de risco e riscos psicossociais no trabalho, bem como discuti-los a partir de duas perspectivas teóricas proeminentes no campo: o Modelo Demanda-Controle e a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Além das definições, são apresentadas as relações entre antecessores - fatores de risco, e consequentes - riscos psicossociais, e as implicações teóricas e práticas decorrentes da definição mais acurada dos termos. As conclusões apresentadas apontam para importância de delimitação conceitual entre fatores de risco e riscos psicossociais no trabalho como passo indispensável para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes de avaliação e intervenção nos contextos de trabalho, principalmente pela adoção de uma postura preventiva com foco na identificação e controle dos fatores de risco prioritariamente.
Objective: to identify the profile of psychosocial stressors, wellbeing at work and coping in prehospital care workers and its distinctions in relation to gender. Methods: cross-sectional quantitative study with workers from public prehospital care. A sociodemographic instrument, the Psychosocial Stressors in the Labor Context Scale, the Inventory of Welfare at Work and the Occupational Coping Scale, were applied. Results: In a sample of 585 workers, women had greater role overload (p=0.002), career insecurity (p<0.001), lack of autonomy (p=0.03) and work- family conflict (p<0.001) compared to men. Men showed greater commitment and satisfaction at work than women (p<0.001). The other factors and dimensions showed no statistically significant difference according to gender. Conclusion: Women were more affected by psychosocial stressors, which probably reduced their wellbeing at work. This was possibly because they experienced a different social context from men.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.