INTRODUÇÃO: O Índice de Envelhecimento (IE) avalia o processo de ampliação do segmento idoso na população total em relação à variação relativa no grupo etário jovem, sendo obtido por meio da razão entre a população idosa e a população jovem. Este indicador permite observar a evolução do ritmo de envelhecimento da população, comparativamente entre áreas geográficas e grupos sociais e pode, assim, subsidiar a formulação, gestão e avaliação de políticas públicas nas áreas de saúde e de previdência social. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a evolução do IE no Brasil, regiões e unidades federativas, no período de 1970 a 2010. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, com dados obtidos dos Censos Demográficos e dos Indicadores Sociais do IBGE, do período de 1970 a 2010. RESULTADOS: Em 2010, o IE do Brasil era de 44,8. Entre as regiões brasileiras, o Sul (54,94) e Sudeste (54,59) se equiparavam com o maior IE e o Norte (21,84) apresentava o menor IE. As unidades federativas com maior IE eram Rio Grande do Sul (65,47) e Rio de Janeiro (61,45). Os menores índices pertenciam aos estados do Amapá (15,45) e Roraima (16,57). No período de 1970 a 2010, observou-se aumento de 268% no IE do Brasil. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram, indubitavelmente, que o Brasil se encontra em franco processo de envelhecimento da sua população, pois no período de 1970 a 2010, o IE teve um aumento progressivo, fato também observado nas suas diferentes regiões e unidades federativas.

We found an association between IMA and MS. Additional studies including prospective genetic variation approaches need to be performed to help elucidate this association between IMA and MS and its potential clinical role.

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Evidence suggests an association between obesity and oxidative stress caused by superoxide production. Since the dismutation of superoxide is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase enzymes, we tested the association between obesity and Ala16Val manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (MnSOD) polymorphism. We analyzed 815 free-living community subjects (> or =60 years old) grouped into subjects who were either obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) or non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). Additionally, we investigated the possible interaction between the Ala16Val MnSOD gene polymorphism and obesity in the modulation of biochemical and nutritional variables. We found a positive association between MnSOD polymorphism and obesity, since higher VV frequency (28.2%) was observed in the obese group (P = 0.002, odds ratio 1.949, 95% CI: 1.223-3.008). This result was independent of sex, age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. A possible biological explanation of the association described here could be a chronic state of superoxide enzyme imbalance present in VV carriers, which could affect differential metabolic pathways contributing to the obese state.

O Estado Rio Grande do Sul apresenta uma grande diversidade étnica e cultural na sua população. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o perfil genético desta população em relação às doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis (DCNT) e o do padrão de herança de acordo com a origem étnica. Fatores como etnia e composição genética, em conjunto com a Reforma Sanitária brasileira e com o estilo de vida, têm possivelmente contribuído de forma substancial para o aumento da expectativa média de vida ao nascer e da longevidade dos gaúchos. A população do Rio Grande do Sul tem apresentado um acelerado processo de envelhecimento populacional e com um padrão diferenciado de morbi-mortalidade para as faixas etárias acima de 60 anos. O aumento da longevidade da população trouxe consigo um aumento não somente da incidência e prevalência, mas também da mortalidade por DCNT, tais como doenças cardiovasculares e neoplasias. Por isso, as políticas públicas de saúde precisam contemplar as peculiaridades étnicas, culturais e biológicas para que a população possa envelhecer com qualidade de vida. É dentro desse contexto que o presente artigo pretende contribuir na discussão do processo de envelhecimento populacional do Rio Grande do Sul.

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to analyze the hematological parameters, the prevalence of anemia and the association between anemia and socioeconomic conditions in an elderly community-based population. MethodsA population-based study was performed as part of the Multidimensional Study of the Elderly in Porto Alegre, Brazil (EMIPOA). An initial total of 1058 community residents aged 60 years and older were interviewed. Of these, 392 agreed to have a physical evaluation and a blood sample was taken from each. The hematological parameters analyzed in the blood samples included the hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW). The association between the variables and the diagnosis of anemia was assessed using the chi-squared test and a multiple logistic regression model. ResultsThe overall prevalence of anemia was 12.8%. Anemia was present in 13.7% of women and in 10.4% of men. Normocytic normochromic anemia without anisocytosis was the most common type of anemia (46%). The assessment of erythrocyte morphology showed significant differences between anemic and non-anemic individuals (microcytosis = 12% vs. 1.5%, hypochromia = 40% vs. 8.8%, and anisocytosis = 26% vs. 7%). In the analysis of socioeconomic conditions, significant differences were found in respect to age and race. ConclusionThe prevalence of anemia increases with age and is associated with race, microcytosis, hypochromia and anisocytosis. Anemia is not a condition that should be associated only with the aging process, as it may be due to pathological conditions that occur most frequently in this age group. As a result, a diagnosis of anemia warrants adequate clinical attention.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to describe the association between frailty and geriatric syndromes (GS) [cognitive impairment (CI); postural instability (PI); urinary/fecal incontinence (UFI); polypharmacy (PP); and immobility (IM)] and the frequency of these conditions in elderly people assisted in primary health care. Five hundred twenty-one elderly participants of The Multidimensional Study of the Elderly in the Family Health Strategy (EMI-SUS) were evaluated. Sociodemographic data, identification of frailty (Fried phenotype) and GS were collected. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed. The frequency of frailty was 21.5%, prefrailty 51.1% and robustness 27.4%. The frequency of CI was 54.7%, PP 41.2%, PI 36.5%, UFI 14% and IM 5.8%. The odds of frailty when compared to robustness and adjusted for gender, age, depression, selfperception of health, nutritional status, falls, vision and hearing, was significantly higher in elderly with CI, PI and PP. The adjusted odds of prefrail when compared to robustness was significantly higher only in elderly with CI. The most frequently presented number of GS (0-5) was two geriatric syndromes (26.87%). The frequency of frailty was high among elderly in primary health care and was associated with three of five GS (CI -PI -PP).Keywords: frail elderly. geriatric syndrome. gerontology. primary health care.Fragilidade e síndromes geriátricas em idosos assistidos na atenção primária à saúde RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a associação entre fragilidade e síndromes geriátricas (SG) [declínio cognitivo (DC); instabilidade postural (IP); incontinência urinária/fecal (IUF); polifarmácia (PF); e imobilidade (IM)] e a frequência destas condições em idosos assistidos na atenção básica. Foram avaliados 521 idosos, participantes do Estudo Multidimensional dos Idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (EMI-SUS). Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, de identificação da fragilidade (fenótipo de Fried) e das SG. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística multinomial. A frequencia de fragilidade foi 21,5%, de pré-fragilidade 51,1% e de robustez 27,4%. A frequência de DC foi 54,7%, de PF 41,2%, de IP 36,5%, de IUF 14% e de IM 5,8%. A chance de fragilidade quando comparada à robustez, ajustada para sexo, idade, depressão, autopercepção de saúde, estado nutricional, quedas, visão e audição, foi significativamente maior em idosos com DC, IP e PF. A chance ajustada de pré-fragilidade, quando comparada à robustez foi significativamente maior somente nos idosos com DC. O número mais frequente de SG (0-5) presentes foram duas SG (26,8%). A frequência de fragilidade foi alta entre idosos da atenção básica e mostrou-se associada a três das cinco SG (DC-IP-PF).Palavras-chave: idoso fragilizado. síndrome geriátrica. gerontologia. atenção primária à saúde.

Previous studies have suggested that oral diseases may influence the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that poor self-reported oral health (SROH) and tooth loss are positively associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden (CAB). 382 consecutive subjects undergoing coronary angiography were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and oral health status were collected using a standardized questionnaire, including data on SROH and use of dental prosthesis. Number of teeth and anthropometric measures were collected through clinical examinations. CAB at coronary angiography was quantified using the Friesinger score (FS). Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with Poisson regression analyses. Mean age was 60.3 ± 10.8 years, with 63.2% males. In the bivariate analysis, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between CAB and age (≥ 60y) (PR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.02-1.16), male gender (PR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19), smoking (PR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01-1.16), hypertension (PR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03-1.22), diabetes (PR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05-1.21), poor SROH (PR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.46) and tooth loss (< 20teeth present) (PR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.19). The use of dental prosthesis was not associated with CAB. The multivariate models, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia showed that poor SROH (p = 0.03) and tooth loss (p = 0.02) were independently associated with CAB, confirming the study hypothesis.