The purpose was to evaluate the effects of gender and of different genotypes of chickens on the physicochemical parameters and centesimal composition, related to the quality of meat. The design was completely randomized arranged in 5x2 factorial scheme, five genotypes (Índio Gigante - IG; New Hampshire - NHS; Gigante Negra de Jersey - GNJ; poultry from the crossing between the IG and NHS breeds - IG x NHS; and between the IG and GNJ breeds - IG x GNJ) and two genders, with five repetitions and each one represented by three poultry, totaling 150 animals, slaughtered at 105 days. The parameters evaluated on the breast and thigh were: centesimal composition (moisture, ether extract - EE, protein and ash), ultimate pH, color (L*- luminosity, a*- redness, b* -yellowness, C* - chroma index and h* - hue angle), weight loss by cooking (WLC) and shear force (SF). The IG genotype had the highest average of ultimate pH of the breast (6.03). The NHS and IG x NHS genotypes showed, respectively, higher average of L * (58.93) and a* (1.92) of the breast. The IG, IG x NHS and IG x GNJ showed the highest values of b* of the breast (12.53, 13.37 and 12.69, respectively). The IG poultry showed high average of SF of the breast and thigh (4.79 and 5.01kgf, respectively). The IG x NHS and IG x GNJ genotypes showed the lowest ultimate pH values of the thigh (6.13 and 6.02, respectively). The IG x GNJ genotype showed a high average of b* of the thigh (14.94) and the NHS had a high average of WCL (24.65%). The females showed higher averages of EE on the breast and ash on the thigh (1.03 and 1.11%, respectively). The IG x NHS and IG x GNJ poultry showed higher averages of EE of the breast (1.21 and 1.38 %, respectively). The poultry of IG breed and those from the crossing with NHS and GNJ presented meat quality characteristics more desirable by the consumer in relation to physicochemical parameters and centesimal composition, while genders showed no influence on these aspects.

The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of polymorphisms in Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTA-1 and 2), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes and the Thioesterase domain of FASN (TE-FASN) gene that may be related to the lipid profile. In the experiment, a total of 84 sheep from different genetic groups were used. For the evaluation of the polymorphism of the genes, PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique and subsequent sequencing were used. In DGAT-2 gene, four genotypes were identified with the presence of 6 polymorphisms, with two (c.229T> C; c.255T> C) that resulted into the exchange of phenylalanine by leucine. In FASN gene, two genotypes were identified. In TE-FASN gene, three genotypes and 17 polymorphisms were identified. DGAT-1 and SCD genes did not reveal the occurrence of polymorphism. There was difference in relation to C14: 0, C18: 0 fatty acids and Δ9-desaturase C18 for DGAT-2 gene and of C18: 2ω6t for TE-FASN. There were differences among the genetic groups for C10: 0, C12: 0, C17: 0, C18: 2ω6t, C18: 3ω3, C20: 2, total of ω3, ω3/ω6 and atherogenicity index. There is occurrence of polymorphism of DGAT-2 and TE-FASN genes and these should be further studied in sheep since they revealed influence of the genotypes on the fatty acid profile.

No abstract

ResumoObjetivou-se caracterizar a qualidade da carne de aves da raça Rodhe Island Red em função da diferença do tipo de corte e sexo. Foram utilizadas 30 aves em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (2 x 2), sendo dois cortes (peito e coxa) e dois sexos, com cinco repetições por tratamento. As aves foram abatidas aos 105 dias para realização das análises físico-químicas, composição centesimal e perfil lipídico do peito e coxa. A coxa apresentou maior média de pH final, teor de vermelho (a*) e força de cisalhamento (FC). Para luminosidade (L*), o peito obteve a maior média e as fêmeas maior média de FC. A coxa apresentou maior teor de extrato etéreo (EE) e umidade. O peito apresentou maior média de ácidos graxos saturados. As fêmeas obtiveram maior quantidade de ω3 e menor relação ω6/ω3. Foi observado maior índice de trombogenicidade no peito. A coxa mostrou menor conteúdo de ácidos graxos saturados e menor índice de trombogenicidade. As fêmeas apresentaram maior teor de ω3. O tipo de corte demonstrou maior influência que o sexo sobre os parâmetros estudados e a coxa apresentou melhores aspectos físico-químicos e de perfil lipídico para carne de aves neste sistema de produção relacionados à qualidade de carne desejável pelos consumidores. Palavras-chave: ácido graxo; aterogenicidade; cor; força de cisalhamento; trombogenicidade. AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the quality of the meat from Rodhe Island Red poultry, considering the type of cut and sex. We used 30 birds in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (2 x 2), two cuts (breast and thigh) and both sexes, with five replicates per treatment. The birds were slaughtered at 105 days to carry out the physical and chemical analysis, chemical composition and lipid profile of breast and thigh. The thigh showed the highest mean final

RESUMODeterminou-se a digestibilidade intestinal (DI) da proteína de vários coprodutos do biodiesel nas formas de farelo e torta. Foram avaliados oito coprodutos: tortas e farelos de pinhão manso, nabo forrageiro, tremoço, algodão. Os coprodutos foram incubados no rúmen por 16 horas, e os resíduos não degradados no rúmen submetidos à digestão enzimática com solução de pepsina e pancreatina para a determinação da DI. Ainda, nos resíduos da incubação ruminal, foram determinadas: degradabilidade da matéria seca (DR), proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR) e proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR). A digestibilidade intestinal da proteína para os coprodutos do biodiesel variou de 2,4 a 48,6%. Todos os coprodutos avaliados caracterizaram-se como alimentos de alto teor proteico, sendo considerados de alta PDR, e apresentaram baixa digestibilidade intestinal da proteína. A DI da proteína dos coprodutos do biodiesel na forma de torta foi maior em comparação com a dos farelos. A torta e o farelo de algodão apresentaram os maiores coeficientes de DI.Palavras-chave: rúmen, oleaginosas, proteína degradável, proteína digestível, proteína não degradável ABSTRACT

In Brazil, most sheep are of the Santa Inês breed, which shows rusticity in breeding and grazing systems, being able to offer better adaptation characteristics for animals with meat production ability, such as the Texel and Dorper sheep. They can also improve meat production in animals that have better characteristics for milk production, such as Lacaune and East Friesian breeds. We investigated the polymorphisms of calpastatin (CAST) and myostatin (GDF8) genes and their association with meat quality parameters of 84 lambs, including: 14 purebred Santa Inês and 70 crossbred animals of five genetic groups: 16 animals (½ Santa Inês x ½ Black Dorper); 12 animals (½ Santa Inês x ½ White Dorper); 19 animals (½ Santa Inês x ½ Texel); 14 animals (½ Santa Inês x ½ Lacaune); and 9 animals (½ Santa Inês x ½ East Friesian). To evaluate the polymorphism of the genes we used PCR and Simple Chain Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) with DNA sequencing to determine where base exchange occurred in the gene sequences. The PCR-SSCP technique detected four bands of the CAST gene and three of the GDF-8 gene. In meat quality of sheep there was ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 19 (3): gmr18325 C. Esteves et al. 2 only one different breed group by Shear force with less value than Santa Ines breed group. The CAST gene had four genotypes with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (c.679A> G; c.383A> G), which resulted in the exchange of glutamic acid by glycine and threonine by alanine, which impacted pH values. Reduced pH values for BB and AB genotypes, and increased pH value in the AA genotype were found. Three genotypes of the DGF-8 gene with three SNPs were identified with changes of AT , A-G, and T-G, influencing color hue angle (h*). After 10 days post mortem, there was an increase in hue angle the highest values were found for genotypes DF and DE. The polymorphisms of the CAST gene and in the promoter region of the GDF-8 gene influence meat color and final pH, affecting meat quality in various of the sheep breed groups.

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass, meat quality, fatty acid profile and liver alterations of cattle supplemented with cottonseed feedlot. It used 100 Nelore cattle, being divided into two groups of 50 animals, which received a cottonseed (CS) in grain form by the diet in the proportion of 15% and the other group was provided with control diet without CS in the feedlot for 88 days. The diets were isoprotein and isoenergetic and concentrate:roughage ratio of 60:40. The animals were slaughter in the end of experimental time and the collection of liver samples for histological analysis. After cooling 24 hours at ± 1°C were conducted evaluation of carcass and major cuts, final pH and collected muscle samples longissimus to carry out the physicochemical analyzes (Color, Cooking Loss, Pigments and Shear Force), chemical composition, fatty acid profile and oxidation. The inclusion of CS in the diet provided animals with higher slaughter weight, daily weight gain, Hindquarter, however, the animals showed reduced carcass yield, forequarter weight and Thin flank, without changing the parameters as rib-eye area and backfat thickness. There was an increase of the yellow values (b*) and moisture with the final pH reduction. There was no influence of the use of cottonseed in relation to histological parameters evaluated in the liver. The cottonseed in the feeding feedlot cattle promoted improvement in animal performance, despite the reduction of the forequarter weight, with appropriate aspects of meat quality, fatty acid profile and conservation.

O estado do Amapá é o único estado brasileiro cuja bubalinocultura supera quantitativamente a bovinocultura. Os dados referentes ao perfil do gado abatido nos estados são restritos aos órgãos de defesa e inspeção oficiais, portanto informações sobre a origem, a espécie e o quantitativo abatido tornam-se muitas vezes indisponíveis nos meios de consulta. O objetivo deste