Cultures and eubacterial PCR are complementary techniques for bacterial identification in eyes with acute postcataract endophthalmitis. PCR technique was needed for identification of the involved microbial pathogen in 25% of all the cases. Eubacterial PCR is more effective than cultures in detecting bacteria in vitreous samples from patients with previous intravitreous administration of antibiotics.

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Purpose The contribution of dietary lipids to the accumulation of lipids in the retina during ageing and in the course of age related maculopathies remains under debate. Our objective was to establish associations between fatty acid profiles of ocular structures, and adipose tissue as a surrogate for the past dietary intake of the subjects. Methods Lipids and fatty acids were analyzed by tandem thin‐layer chromatography‐flame ionization detection and gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection from the neural retina, RPE/choroid, lacrimal gland and adipose tissue, collected from 19 women and 8 men, aged 59–95 years. Results DHA concentrations in the neural retina were positively associated with those in cholesteryl esters (CE) from RPE/choroid, and negatively associated with DHA concentrations in phospholipids (PL) from RPE/choroid. DHA in orbital fat was positively associated with DHA in lacrimal gland, whereas no significant association was observed in the other ocular structures. Linoleic acid in orbital fat was positively associated with linoleic acid in the lacrimal gland, followed by neural retina and CE from RPE/choroid, and slightly correlated with PL from RPE/choroid. Other fatty acids that are exclusively of dietary origin such as trans fatty acids were detected in orbital fat, lacrimal gland, PL and CE from RPE/choroid. Conclusion DHA in the neural retina was poorly associated with its dietary intake, on the contrary to others fatty acids like linoleic acid. Although epidemiological studies have reported the benefit of dietary DHA for the prevention of AMD, the relevancy for supplementing patients with DHA is questioned.

Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare choroidal thickness (CT) of healthy subjects and primary open‐angle glaucoma patients with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and to seek a correlation between CT and glaucoma severity. Methods Sixty‐five healthy eyes, 27 eyes with early glaucoma , 21 eyes with moderate glaucoma and 30 eyes with advanced glaucoma were included in this cross‐sectional study (one eye per patient). Retro‐foveolar CT, foveolar retinal thickness and average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) were measured by SD‐OCT. Humphrey 24‐2 visual field was also performed and mean defect (MD)recorded. Spherical equivalent (SE) was measured with automatic refractometer. Results Average retro‐foveolar CT was statistically lower in glaucoma patients than in healthy subjects p=0.0023. The CT was not different according to glaucoma stage (p=0.078). We found a statistically significant correlation between CT and MD (p = 0.040), but not with CT and age (p=0.053), CT and retinal foveolar thickness (p=0,789), CT and RNFL thickness (p=0.732) and CT and SE (p=0.202). Conclusion This preliminary study showed that retro‐foveolar CT measured by SD‐OCT was significantly thinner in glaucomatous patients than in healthy subjects.

Purpose Accumulation of lipids, and especially of cholesteryl esters, under the retinal pigment epithelium and within Bruch’s membrane is a normal feature of aging and has also been observed in human eyes with age‐related maculopathy. Our objective was to evaluate the retinal phenotype of apoB100,LDLR‐/‐ mice, a model for lipid metabolism dysfunction and potentially of aging of the retina. Methods ApoB100,LDLR‐/‐ mice were studied at 7 and 14 months of age by standard scotopic and photopic electroretinography by comparison to control animals. Fundus images were obtained with a confocal SLO (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph). The integrity of the vascular system was investigated by means of fluoresceine and indocyanine green angiography. Sections of eye cups were stained by filipin to detect cholesterol deposits. Results Both scotopic and photopic b‐wave amplitudes were reduced in apoB100,LDLR‐/‐ mice compared to control mice (Rmax=125 µV vs 208 µV for the scotopic b‐wave amplitude at 7 months, and 83 µV vs 162 µV at 14 months). Similarly rods and cones sensitivity was 0.5log unit lower in apoB100,LDLR‐/‐ mice at 14 months, compared to control mice. Although the retinal and the choroidal vascular systems were normal, apoB100,LDLR‐/‐ mice displayed white auto‐fluorescent dots in the retinal pigment epithelium layer which likely corresponded to cholesterol deposits. Conclusion The present apoB100,LDLR‐/‐ mouse, is one of the only models with neutral lipid deposits at the basement of RPE that can potentially be very useful to study the mechanisms of lipid deposition that occurs universally in human retina while aging.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in exudative ARMD. Methods Retrospective study including naive patients suffering from exudative ARMD whatever the type of neovascularisation. All the participants were treated with three monthly 1.25 mg intravitreal injections of bevacizumab.The primary objective was far and near visual acuity (VA) 1, 3 and 6 months after the third injection. The secondary objective was the residual activity of neovascularisation assessed with fluorescein and ICG angiography and retinal thickness evaluated with OCT3. Results 71 eyes of 66 patients were included. Neovascularisation was occult, visible or combined in 65%, 20% and 15% of the cases, respectively. A statistically significant improvement between pre and post‐injection VA (LogMAR) was observed one month after the third injection, 0.88±0.57 and 0.77±0.60, respectively, p=0.001). An active neovascularisation was still present at that time in 57.7% of the eyes and 34% at 6 months needing further bevacizumab injections (3.85±0.96 per eye). VA was similar at 1, 3 and 6 months (F71,2=1,54 ; p=0,46). A complication occurred in 3 eyes. Conclusion Three bevacizumab intravitreal injections led to a significant VA improvement. However, more than half of the eyes had an active neovascularisation after these 3 injections.

Purpose To study potential clinical and microbiological predictive factors of visual outcome in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Methods A prospective study included 100 patients in 4 University hospital.Factors related to the cataract surgery, the initial clinical presentation and the microbiological identification were analyzed according to the final visual outcome using univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Results 46% out of the patients had a final visual acuity less than or equal to 0.3 logMar (good visual outcome) at 6 months while 10% had only light perceptions. Patients with good visual outcome differed for the duration of cataract surgery, initial visual acuity, the visibility of fundus and the identification of a coagulase negative staphylococcus. In contrast, patients with a poor visual outcome were older, had more cornea oedema and a more important hypopion at the admission, more complications at the time of cataract surgery. Furthermore a bacterium was more frequently identified in this latter group. Multivariate analysis showed that age, complications at the time of cataract surgery, microbiological identification, pars plana vitrectomy were independent predictive factors. Conclusion Factors of visual outcome in acute postcataract endophthalmitis identified in this prospective study were similar to that reported during the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study 10 years ago. As part of the treatment, pars plana vitrectomy is associated with predictive factors of poor visual outcome. Identification of these predictive factors at presentation should allow a better management of patients needed an aggressive treatment.

Purpose Evaluate efficacy and safety of IVT‐AFL for treatment of macular edema due to CRVO. Methods Patients randomized to IVT‐AFL 2‐mg (IVT‐AFL 2q4) or sham monthly for 24 weeks. COPERNICUS: all patients received IVT‐AFL PRN from week 24‐100 (IVT‐AFL 2q4PRN and shamIVT‐AFL PRN). GALILEO: IVT‐AFL PRN was administered to IVT‐AFL group from week 24‐76 and sham group from week 52‐76. Results Proportion of IVT‐AFL 2q4PRN and shamIVT‐AFL PRN patients gaining ≥15 letters was 56.1% vs 12.3% and 49.1% vs 23.3%, respectively, at week 24 and 100 (COPERNICUS) and 60.2% vs 22.1% and 57.3% vs 29.4%, respectively, at week 24 and 76 (GALILEO; all P<0.01). Mean change in BCVA was +17.3 vs ‐4.0 (P<0.0001) and +13.0 vs +1.5 ETDRS letters (P=0.007) at week 24 and 100 (COPERNICUS) and +18.0 vs +3.3 (P<0.001) and +13.7 vs +6.2 letters (P=0.007) at week 24 and 76 (GALILEO) in IVT‐AFL 2q4PRN and shamIVT‐AFL PRN groups, respectively. Mean reduction from baseline CRT was 457.2 vs 144.8 µm (P<0.001) and 390.0 vs 343.3 µm at week 24 and 100 in COPERNICUS and 448.6 vs 169.3 µm (P<0.0001) and 389.4 vs 306.4 µm at week 24 and 76 in GALILEO in IVT‐AFL 2q4PRN and shamIVT‐AFL PRN groups, respectively. Most frequent ocular SAEs in IVT‐AFL 2q4PRN group were cataract (COPERNICUS) and macular edema (GALILEO). APTC ATEs occurred only in COPERNICUS (2 (1.8%) IVT‐AFL, 2 (2.7%) sham). Conclusion IVT‐AFL treatment resulted in early, sustained VA gains. Maintenance of VA gains with an extended treatment interval after initial monthly dosing depended on monthly monitoring. Long‐term fixed dosing regimens may be a better treatment paradigm. Commercial interest