The malting and brewing characteristics of millets (Pennisetum typhoides and Digitarla exflia) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were compared. Diastase, a-amylase, amyloglucosidase and proteases increased with malting time and the increase was associated with the modification. Development of hydrolytic enzymes was significantly higher in pearl millet and Digitaria exilis ("acha") than in sorghum at P 2 0.01. The major starch degrading enzyme in the three varieties of pearl millet (SE composite, SE.13 and SE 2124) was a-amylase. On the other hand, p-amylase was the major starch degrading enzyme in "acha" {Digitaria exilis) which is similar to the pattern in barley. Gibberellic acid had a stimulating effect on the diastatic activity of pearl millets, Digitarla exilis ("acha") and sorghum (KSV-4), but inhibited the diastatic activities of sorghum [Farafara). Gibberellic acid inhibited the proteolytic activities in all the pearl millet varieties, Digitaria exilis and sorghum varieties. Potassium bromate had little or no effect in the reduction of malting losses. Although "acha" {Digitaria exilia) had a high B-amylase content, a high malting loss makes it uneconomical to brew with "acha" mart. A blend of "acha" malt with pearl millet malt or sorghum malt (composite malt) will produce a malt of the same profile as barley malt and this will enhance the quality of sorghum and pearl millet malt during the mashing process. Wort quality of all the samples was suitable for brewing conventional beer.
Farmers' acceptance of and preference for crop varieties depend to a large extent on consumption value and market price. Therefore, food quality considerations are crucial for extension of high-yield varieties. We explored whether several new sorghum of varieties that have been found to have high agronomic performance are acceptable for consumption by using them in two foods commonly prepared from sorghum (kamu and tango). All the improved varieties made acceptable kamu and tango. They met the expectations of consumers for colour, appearance, flavour, taste, and texture and did nor pose obvious processing and milling problems. There is a need to monitor these varieties and subject them to further consumer preference tests using quantitative techniques and the combined effects of the major factors that commonly affect acceptance of crops for production and use, namely, expected yield or income, labour requirement, technical feasibility, nutritional value, and acceptability to consumers.
Heritability estimates for soluble solids, bulb firmness and bulb weight were earned out in two ways, namely, parent-offspring regression and half-sib family lntra-class correlation. Leaf characters were estimated only by half-.sib mtra-class correlations. For soluble solids the values were high (72 % and 58 % respectively), while the values for bulb weight and bulb firmness were low (20 % and 39 %, and 32 % and 33 % respectively) using the two methods. Some high additive genetic correlations were observed between bulb firmness and length of longest leaf [r^ = 0.830), bulb weight and leaf area of longest leaf {j,^ -0.704).In Nigeria storage of omon bulbs has been a ma|or constraint to farmers. Investigations show that up :o 75 % of storage losses have been recorded over a storage of 7 months (AGBAJI ct al. 1980). This problem can only be solved by producing varieties that store better m the local storage houses used by farmers, or those that are excellent for food processing industries as dehydrated onion. Because local white onion is thought to have a potential for improvement as variety suitable for dehydration, this heritable variation should be explored for breeding purposes. High dry matter content of the bulb has been found to enhance storability (FosKETTand PETERSON 1950) and is a major factor for varieties used m dehydration (SETHI et al. 1979). Materials and MethodsLocal white onion bulbs from collections were planted and the seed bulbs raised from them were grown to produce bulbs in 1979/80 dry season. The harvested bulbs were stored from April to September 1980, during which period the sprouted and rotten bulbs were frequently removed. In October 1980, 100 randomly selected bulbs were planted in an isolated field free from other onion pollen sources, for the production of maternal half-sib family seeds.Open pollination occurred, thus each plant was assumed to have equal opportunity to act as the pollen parent to each of the families. The limitations which might have prevented complete randomness were: variations in plant vigor and differences in flowering dates; if selfmg also occurred, all these could bias the heritability estimates. However, the uniformity with which the isolation plot matured suggests that these limitations, even if they have occurred, would be very negligible. The analysis for soluble solids was measured by the land type refractometer as outlined by MANN and HOYEE(1945). U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Sutemem: 01 79-954 1 /86/9703-0232$02.50/0
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