A polyphasic taxonomic study that included DNA-rRNA hybridizations, DNA-DNA hybridizations, DNA base ratio determinations, whole-cell protein and fatty acid analyses, and an examination of classical phenotypic characteristics was performed in order to classify human and veterinary isolates that resemble Burdeteh avium. Twelve poultry isolates and two human isolates were assigned to a new species, for which we propose the name BordeteZliz hinzii. The position of this organism in the family Akaligenuceae and various genotypic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics are described.Members of the genus Bordetella are well-known pathogens of humans and animals (39). The significance of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica as respiratory tract invaders, with whooping cough as the most important infection, is well-known (39). A less familiar member of the genus, Bordetella avium, causes respiratory infections in poultry (22). These infections result in high levels of morbidity and are responsible for significant losses in both the turkey and chicken industries (3, 6, 17, 28, 32, 33). Strains of another taxon, which has been referred to as B. avium-like, Alcaligenes faecalis type 11, TC (turkey coryza) bacterium type 11, or Alcaligenes sp. strain C2T2, have also been isolated from respiratory tracts of chickens and turkeys in various parts of the world (1,3,19,20,31). Although these strains are often isolated from diseased birds, the information available does not provide strong evidence that they are pathogenic (3,19).In this study, we performed a polyphasic taxonomic study in order to clarify the taxonomic position of the B. avium-like taxon. Below, we show that 12 poultry isolates and 2 human isolates of the B. avium-like taxon constitute a novel Bordetella species, for which we propose the name Bordetella hinzii sp. nov. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and growth conditions. All of the strains which we studied and their sources are listed in Table 1. Bacteriological purity was checked by plating and examining living cells, using phase-contrast microscopy and Gramstained cells.B. pertussis strains were grown as described by Stainer and Scholte (34). All other strains were grown on Trypticase soy agar (catalog no. 11768; BBL, Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) and were incubated aerobically at 36 to 37°C unless indicated otherwise.PAGE of whole-cell proteins. After incubation for 48 h, whole-cell protein extracts were prepared, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed as described previously (30). A densitometric analysis, normalization and interpolation of the protein profiles, and a numerical analysis were performed by using the GelCompar software package (Applied Maths, Kortrijk, Belgium).Fatty acid methyl ester analysis. After incubation for 48 h, a loopful of well-grown cells was harvested, and fatty acid methyl esters were prepared, separated, and identified by using the Microbial Identif...
BordeteUla spp. cause respiratory tract diseases in warm-blooded animals. Only BordeteUla bronchiseptica has been reported to cause bacteremia in humans, and this rare infection usually occurs with pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. We describe "Bordetella hinzii" bacteremia in an AIDS patient without a respiratory illness. Combining biochemical phenotyping with fatty acid analysis permitted preliminary identification of this previously undescribed pathogen; identity was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization. This report extends the spectrum of human infections caused by the bordetellae.
We report on the first case of fatal septicemia caused byBordetella hinzii. The causative organism exhibited a biochemical profile identical to that of Bordetella aviumwith three commercial identification systems (API 20E, API 20 NE, and Vitek GNI+ card). However, its cellular fatty acid profile was not typical for either B. avium or previously reported strains of B. hinzii. Presumptive identification of the patient's isolate was accomplished by traditional biochemical testing, and definitive identification was achieved by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phenotypic features useful in distinguishing B. hinzii from B. avium were production of alkali from malonate and resistance to several antimicrobial agents.
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