Cultural heritage (CH) sites are threatened from a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors. Innovative andcost effective tools for systematic monitoring of landscapes and CH sites are needed to protect them. Towardsthis directi on, the article presen ts a multidisciplinary approach, based on remote sen sing techniques andGeog raphical Infor mation System (GIS) analysis, in order to assess th e overall risk in the Pa phos distr ict(Cyprus). Paphos region has a great deal of archaeological sites and isolated monuments, which reflect thelong history of the area, while some of them are also listed in the UNESCO catalogue of World Cultural Heritagesites. Several natural and anthropogenic hazards have been mapped using different remote sensing data andmethodologies. All data were gathered from satellite images and satellite products. The results from each hazardwere imported into a GIS environment in order to examine the overall risk assessment based on the AnalyticHierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The results found that the methodology applied was effective enough intheunderstandingofthecurrentconservationcircumstances of the monuments in relation to their environmentas well as predicting the future development of the present hazards
ABSTRACT:The paper illustrates the utility to switch from a 3D content model to a Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) in order to support conservation and management of built heritage. This three dimensional solution is based on simplified parametric models, suitable for industrial elements and modern architecture, that can be usefully applied to heritage documentation and management of the data on conservation practices. In this sense, the potentials in starting the definition of an HBIM targeted library are investigated, towards the logic of object data definition, beginning from surface surveying and representation. In order to motivate the opportunity in using this 3D object modelling instruments, some case studies are investigated in the paper. Vault and wooden bean floor analysis show how a HBIM for architectural heritage could be implemented in order to assemble different kind of data on historical buildings, such as e.g. dimensional, geometrical, thematic, historical and architectural information.
Urbanisation processes as a result of population growth, migration and infrastructure initiatives have a direct impact to cultural heritage sites. This paper aims to monitor growth dynamics of the urbanisation process that took place in the Paphos district, southwest Cyprus during the last decades, and evaluate its impact to monuments and archaeological sites. In this extensive area, several important archaeological sites and monuments are found, while some of them are also listed in the UNESCO catalogue of World Cultural Heritage sites. GIS and remote sensing techniques have been used in order to map the listed monuments in the Paphos District, as well as to record spatial and temporal land use changes since the 1980s. The spatial patterns of urban sprawl are studied and analysed using archive time series medium resolution Landsat ETM+ and TM satellite imagery. In addition, a DMSP-OLS night-ime image was also used. Several supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms have been evaluated and examined for this purpose. Additionally, Markov equation were applied in an attempt to predict future urban expansion The final outcomes revealed that a dramatic increase of the urban areas took place in the last years in Paphos district, and as a result significant pressure is expected on archaeological sites found in the peri-urban areas
The research is part of a larger project, within an international cooperation, supported by UNESCO, for the study, restoration, and revitalization of Byzantine and Ottoman monuments in Southern Albania. The project was carried out on the Saint Nicholas monastic complex located in the Mesopotam area (Albania) by a multidisciplinary group of researchers from different Italian universities. Using integrated surveying technologies, the diagnostic investigation focused on enhancing our knowledge of structural behavior as a qualifying element for future conservation and maintenance programs. The aim was to develop interpretive models able to connect thematic and geometric information to the history of the monument by reading and recognizing the constructive technologies that were employed. Hence, the term “surveying techniques” includes geometrical surveys by laser scanner and photogrammetry, stratigraphic analysis, crack pattern surveys, and crack monitoring. The study was carried out on the Church of Saint Nicholas in order to collect data on the morphological and structural problems of the building.1, 2, 3 The results show that the damage of the structure started long ago and was probably caused by earthquakes. Moreover, the continuous, slow, long-term outward movement of the façades and of the apse should be controlled by an appropriate design for strengthening and repair. At the same time, the methodology highlighted the need for investigating the different structural technologies and skills before planning interventions. With such a common geospatial semantic matrix, progressively developing toward a historical building information 4D model, further surveys—using techniques ranging from the micro-UAV campaign to multispectral analysis—can be better oriented in the future
Surveying a historic building means to measure, to detect and to analyse its geometries, its structural elements, the connections still existing between the different parts, in order to define its state of conservation, to make structural analysis and finally to plan a proper project of conservation, consolidation and reuse. The survey represents the first necessary moment for building's knowledge investigation. Nowadays, the wide use of tools and accurate surveying techniques makes it possible to achieve an adequate level of accuracy of information related to the buildings; BIM tools offer a great potential, in terms of both planning and evaluation of the entire knowledge and conservation process of an historical building, and in terms of its management and future maintenance. In particular, the BIM technologies allow the communication between data coming from different software, allowing a greater exchange of information between many actors. In recent years, the generative process of Building Information Modelling (BIM) oriented to the digitization of built heritage has been supported by the development of new commands modelling able to integrate the output data produced by laser scanner surveys (point clouds) in major modelling applications. Structural elements, such as vaulted historical systems, arches, decorations, architectural ornaments and wall partitions with variable cross sections, require higher levels of detail (LOD) and information (LOI) compared to the digitalization process of new buildings. Therefore, the structure of a BIM model aimed at representing existing and historical artefacts (HBIM) requires the definition of a new digital process capable of converting traditional techniques used for the management of new buildings to those suitable for creation of digital versions of historical buildings that are unique of their kind. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the ongoing researches and activities carried out on survey and HBIM model of historical buildings.
Energy-efficient retrofitting of existing buildings is a key aspect for reaching the proposed energy consumption reduction targets fixed by public authorities in different countries. For this task, the availability of as-built building models is of primary importance for both diagnosis of thermal dispersion and designing of retrofitting. In this paper, we present an automated methodology to derive highly detailed 3D vector models of existing building façades starting from terrestrial laser scanning data. The presented methodology first accomplishes the segmentation of the point cloud of a building façade into its planar elements. Then, starting from the identified planar clusters, façade breaklines are automatically extracted to be used later to generate a 3D vector model. During this final step, some priors on urban scenes like the prevalence of straight lines and orthogonal intersections are exploited to set additional constraints. The final product is a semantically enriched 3D model of the building façade that can be integrated in Building Information Model (BIM) for planned maintenance. Eventually, the integration between derived façade models and infrared thermography (IRT) is presented for energy efficiency evaluation of buildings and detection of thermal anomalies.
The paper illustrates the possibility to shift from a 3D content model to a Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) in order to support conservation and management of built heritage. This three-dimensional solution is based on parametric models, suitable for industrial elements and modern architecture, that can be usefully applied to heritage documentation and management of the data on conservation practices. In this sense, the research investigates the definition of an HBIM targeted library, starting from surface surveying and representation towards the logic of object definition. In order to promote wider use and uptake of these 3D object modelling instruments, some case studies are illustrated by the paper. Vault and wooden beam floor analysis show how HBIM for architectural heritage could be implemented in order to assemble different kind of data on historical buildings, such as e.g. dimensional, geometrical, thematic, historical and architectural information.
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