Automatic façade modelling using point cloud data for energy-efficient retrofitting

Previtali, Mattia; Barazzetti, Luigi; Brumana, Raffaella; Cuca, Branka; Oreni, Daniela; Roncoroni, Fabio; Scaioni, Marco

doi:10.1007/s12518-014-0129-9

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…chimneys and antennas), and mandatory roof overhangs. This enhancement benefits some applications, for instance, openings are important for estimating heat losses (Lee et al, 2013), luminance mapping and glare analysis (Saran et al, 2015), planning energy-efficient retrofits (Previtali et al, 2014), and for accounting the area available on vertical walls for solar panel installation (Catita et al, 2014). LOD3 models are also appreciated in visualisation (Garnett and Freeburn, 2014).…”

Section: Lod3 Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

335

176

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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Section: Lod3 Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

335

176

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“…a model, that can be further analysed visually [34], integrated in a virtual environment for augmented reality or materialized through 3D printers. Terrestrial laser scanners are often used in industrial and urban environments, with point clouds then converted to CAD models, or more sophisticated building information models (BIM) [35] for further analysis by engineering and architecture professionals for multiple applications [36,37]. In aerial surveys important derived products are DTMs, DSMs and features extracted by various classification methods.…”

Section: Products and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open software and standards in the realm of laser scanning technology

Pirotti

2019

Open geospatial data, softw. stand.

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This review aims at introducing laser scanning technology and providing an overview of the contribution of open source projects for supporting the utilization and analysis of laser scanning data. Lidar technology is pushing to new frontiers in mapping and surveying topographic data. The open source community has supported this by providing libraries, standards, interfaces, modules all the way to full software. Such open solutions provide scientists and end-users valuable tools to access and work with lidar data, fostering new cutting-edge investigation and improvements of existing methods. The first part of this work provides an introduction on laser scanning principles, with references for further reading. It is followed by sections respectively reporting on open standards and formats for lidar data, tools and finally webbased solutions for accessing lidar data. It is not intended to provide a thorough review of state of the art regarding lidar technology itself, but to provide an overview of the open source toolkits available to the community to access, visualize, edit and process point clouds. A range of open source features for lidar data access and analysis is provided, providing an overview of what can be done with alternatives to commercial end-to-end solutions. Data standards and formats are also discussed, showing what are the challenges for storing and accessing massive point clouds. The desiderata are to provide scientists that have not yet worked with lidar data an overview of how this technology works and what open source tools can be a valid solution for their needs in analysing such data. Researchers that are already involved with lidar data will hopefully get ideas on integrating and improving their workflow through open source solutions.

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“…Finally, starting from the point cloud after preliminary filtering, the local normal is estimated for each point. This task is operated by using the method proposed in [32]. For each point a plan is locally fitted considering a certain number of neighboring points, the number of considered points is iteratively increased until the estimated normal and the eigenvalues of the weighted covariance matrix C (N k (p)) reach stabilization:…”

Section: Point Cloud Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Building Reconstruction from Occluded Point Clouds Using Graph-Cut and Ray-Tracing

2018

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Despite the increasing demand of updated and detailed indoor models, indoor reconstruction from point clouds is still in an early stage in comparison with the reconstruction of outdoor scenes. Specific challenges are related to the complex building layouts and the high presence of elements such as pieces of furniture causing clutter and occlusions. This work proposes an automatic method for modelling Manhattan-World indoors acquired with a mobile laser scanner in the presence of highly occluded walls. The core of the methodology is the transformation of indoor reconstruction into a labelling problem of structural cells in a 2D floor plan. Assuming the prevalence of orthogonal intersections between walls, indoor completion is formulated as an energy minimization problem using graph cuts. Doors and windows are detected from occlusions by implementing a ray-tracing algorithm. The methodology is tested in a real case study. Except for one window partially covered by a curtain, all building elements were successfully reconstructed.

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Automatic façade modelling using point cloud data for energy-efficient retrofitting

Cited by 44 publications

References 42 publications

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Open software and standards in the realm of laser scanning technology

Indoor Building Reconstruction from Occluded Point Clouds Using Graph-Cut and Ray-Tracing

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