Survey and Scan to BIM Model for the Knowledge of Built Heritage and the Management of Conservation Activities

Abstract

Surveying a historic building means to measure, to detect and to analyse its geometries, its structural elements, the connections still existing between the different parts, in order to define its state of conservation, to make structural analysis and finally to plan a proper project of conservation, consolidation and reuse. The survey represents the first necessary moment for building's knowledge investigation. Nowadays, the wide use of tools and accurate surveying techniques makes it possible to achieve an adequate level of accuracy of information related to the buildings; BIM tools offer a great potential, in terms of both planning and evaluation of the entire knowledge and conservation process of an historical building, and in terms of its management and future maintenance. In particular, the BIM technologies allow the communication between data coming from different software, allowing a greater exchange of information between many actors. In recent years, the generative process of Building Information Modelling (BIM) oriented to the digitization of built heritage has been supported by the development of new commands modelling able to integrate the output data produced by laser scanner surveys (point clouds) in major modelling applications. Structural elements, such as vaulted historical systems, arches, decorations, architectural ornaments and wall partitions with variable cross sections, require higher levels of detail (LOD) and information (LOI) compared to the digitalization process of new buildings. Therefore, the structure of a BIM model aimed at representing existing and historical artefacts (HBIM) requires the definition of a new digital process capable of converting traditional techniques used for the management of new buildings to those suitable for creation of digital versions of historical buildings that are unique of their kind. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the ongoing researches and activities carried out on survey and HBIM model of historical buildings.

HBIM as Support of Preventive Conservation Actions in Heritage Architecture. Experience of the Renaissance Quadrant Façade of the Cathedral of Seville

“…Once the capture method is finalized, it is necessary to consider the methodology for converting the captured data into solid entities capable of generating information (morphological or geometric, metric, physical and other), in addition to be able to contain information provided externally. A review of this field implies the consideration of various methods already defined and classified in a primary way by [28] in what it is called "as-built" building information modeling (BIM) approaches, or more recently updated in [29] (pp. 394-396) through the definition of so-called grade of generation (GOG).…”

An Informative Tool for the Preservation of the Wooden Encircling Tie Rod of the Dome of Santa Maria Del Fiore in Florence

“…Since the idea of a Historic or Heritage BIM came to life (Murphy, McGovern, & Pavia 2009), studies have mainly focused on geomatics, working on improving the existing survey technologies as well as the following data processing and modelling (Brumana et al, 2020). Indeed, one of the most peculiar features of historic buildings is their irregularity.…”

Semantic Annotations on Heritage Models: 2d/3d Approaches and Future Research Challenges

“…On the other hand, thanks to the spread of Building Information Modeling (BIM) techniques applied to heritage structures (Bruno et al, 2018;López et al, 2018), another type of annotation procedure can be performed, on parametric models. These models display the conceptual shapes of existing heritage buildings, reconstructed from initial survey data via a reverse engineering process, and can be enriched with non-geometric information (Brumana et al, 2020). H-BIM systems enable to easily perform tag and attribute type annotations (Figure 3), associated to an entire parametric component (a wall, a slab, a column).…”