With the deepening of university reform in China, the traditional teaching faculty management mode has been exposed more and more defects. To make innovation of the university teaching faculty management mode becomes the voice of the times. Universities should conduct careful research on this issue in the development. Starting from the shortcomings of existing university teaching faculty management mode, this article makes a thorough analysis on the new problems in front of China's university teaching faculty management and proposes new paths for university teaching faculty management mode from several aspects, such as the optimization of management mode, the human-oriented management, the humanism-oriented management, and the introduction of flexible management mode.
Keywords: University; Teaching faculty management mode; InnovationIn recent years, as China's higher education has gradually achieved the transformation from a planned economy to a market economy, universities have more and more independent spaces in development, which drives China's higher education to enter a brand-new historical development stage. Under the new circumstances, universities face both chances and challenges in development. How to make best use of self advantageous resources to adapt to the market and the tendency of higher education development is one of practical issues for universities to handle with. The teaching faculty is the core of university resources. In the process of building a harmonious society, to reform the university teaching faculty management mode, establish and exercise the "teacher-oriented" teaching code, and improve university's core competitiveness through optimizing the teaching faculty has become an inevitable need for the development of the age. It is also the key for enhance the motives for university development.
The Disadvantages of Traditional University Teaching Faculty Management ModeIn China, the university teaching faculty management mode has experienced a long course of development. In recent years, although quite a lot of universities have adopted a series of measures, the disadvantages of the traditional management mode have not been thoroughly excluded. Problems become more prominent.
The Lagged-behind Ideology of University Teaching Faculty ManagementIdeology is the precursor of action. The lagged-behind management ideology is the root cause of problems in China's university teaching faculty management. According to observations on the daily work, China's university teaching faculty management has mainly focused on "fairs" for a long period, regarding "manpower" as costs, emphasizing too much on costs control. The purpose of management methods and measures is to realize the maximum output at lowest costs. How to reduce the costs of teaching faculty management has been taken as the "most critical" task in many universities. During the age of planned economy, the ideology of regarding manpower as costs has exerted its positive effects on the building of university teaching faculty. Howev...
Ecological degradation has occurred in global grasslands and has impaired their ecosystem services severely, so ecological conservation of grasslands should be focused more on the effectiveness of management measures. The green-up process decides the year-round forage yield and ecological conditions of grasslands. Adopting rest-grazing during the green-up process can guarantee a successful green-up, thus realizing more economic benefits without grassland degradation. Therefore, studies should pay more attention to whether the green-up process is really covered by the rest-grazing period or not. We analyze the spatiotemporal variations and the stability of the annual green-up date in Xilin Gol Grassland from 2000 to 2018 based on MODIS time series images and compare the green-up date with the rest-grazing period to assess the effectiveness of the rest-grazing policy. The results show that the green-up date of Xilin Gol Grassland had advanced 15 days on average because of the increasing trend of both temperature and precipitation during 2000~2018. The green-up date is mostly 120~130 d in the east, about 10 days earlier than the west (130~140 d) and 20 days earlier than in the central areas (140~150 d), also because of the spatial variations of temperature and precipitation. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the green-up date showed a significant negative correlation with precipitation, so the green-up date is more unstable in the arid areas. The rest-grazing period started more than 45 days earlier than the green-up date and failed to cover it in several years, which occurred more frequently in southern counties. The average green-up date appeared after rest-grazing started in over 98% of areas, and the time gap is 15~45 days in 88% of areas, which not only could not avoid grassland degradation effectively but also increased herdsmen’s life burden. This study aims to accurately grasp the temporal and spatial variations of the green-up date in order to provide references for adjusting a more proper rest-grazing period, thus promoting ecological conservation and sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Grassland has always had a difficult economic–ecological relationship, as coordination between its ecological conservation and the sustainable development of animal husbandry is required. Nature-based Solutions (NbS), who make full use of the natural ecosystem services, have successfully solved some economic–ecological issues, but still have unclear implementation prospects for grassland management. The Xilin Gol grassland is one of the most typical pastoral areas in China; there is a village chief named Bateer, who has already used NbS for grassland management. To confirm whether the solutions employed by Bateer have been effective for both increasing economic profits and protecting grassland ecosystem, we interviewed him, and many other herdsmen, using questionnaires about their livelihood. Based on these questionnaires, we calculated and compared their income–cost ratios. Meanwhile, we analyzed the NDVI variations inside their rangelands through high-resolution remote sensing images. The results showed that the herdsmen in Bateer’s village had a much higher disposable income and income–cost ratio than others, and their rangelands also had a higher value and a more obvious increasing trend of NDVI. Bateer’s success proves that the NbS can also play a positive role in grassland management, which can provide a valuable guidance for economic–ecological coordination in pastoral areas.
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