The efficient use of the labour force in post‐industrial society predetermines the competitiveness of the economy and encourages social development. In this context, youth unemployment is a particularly undesirable phenomenon, reducing the efficiency of youth labour force within the level of general labour, raising social costs, and restricting social development. The position of young people on the labour market depends on a number of social, economic and demographic factors, leading to the conclusion that youth unemployment as a socio‐economic phenomenon is a particularly negative result of the interaction between these factors. The aim of the paper is to discuss the theoretical assumptions of the youth integration to the labour market and to discuss the subsequences of their unemployment. Another target of the paper is to propose the policy measures for rising economic activity of the youth. The authors of the article suggest that the youth integration to the labour market could be increased by integrated decisions based on qualified services of vocational training.

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[straipsnis, santrauka, reikšminiai žodžiai lietuvių kalba; santrauka ir reikšminiai žodžiai anglų kalba] Ikimokyklinių ugdymo įstaigų prieinamumas turi didelę įtaką tėvų užimtumui, tačiau šį priklausomybė yra gana sudėtinga ir skirtingai pasireiškia skirtingose visuomenės grupėse. Straipsnyje siekiama ištirti ikimokyklinių ugdymo įstaigų prieinamumo vaidmenį tėvų, auginančių ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikus, užimtumui Lietuvoje. Tyrimui naudojami Lietuvos 2014 m. pajamų ir gyvenimo sąlygų tyrimo duomenys. Naudojant chi kvadrato testą bei dvinarės logistinės regresijos modelį, tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad vaikų ikimokyklinių ugdymo įstaigų nelankymas turėjo didesnę neigiamą įtaką moterų užimtumo statusui negu vyrų. Tyrimas taip pat parodė, kad svarbų vaidmenį tėvų užimtumui skatinti vaidina ir nemokamai teikiama ne tėvų priežiūra vaikams. Rezultatai taip pat leido kelti prielaidą, kad ikimokyklinių ugdymo įstaigų prieinamumas skatina tėvus dirbti, tačiau tai nebuvo esminė tėvų užimtumo paskata.

The article analyses the prevalence of part-time employment in different EU countries with a focus on the factors affecting the rate of part-time employment across the EU. Based on the literature review, a distinction is made between three groups of factors that are relevant for the rate of part-time employment, in particular, cyclical factors, political and institutional factors, and structural factors. The article analyses how these factors influence part-time employment rates in EU countries. The linear regression analysis based on EU-28 macroeconomic data for the period of 2007-2018 has shown that all three groups of determinants (i.e. cyclical, political and institutional as well as structural factors) affect the rate of part-time employment in the EU-28. Part-time employment is a complex phenomenon which depends on a number of factors. However, the regression analysis has found that the following political and institutional as well as structural independent variables are also significant predictors of part-time employment rates in EU Member States (EU-28): average annual wages, the tax rate on low wage earners, expenditures on children and family benefits as a percentage of gross domestic product, trade union density, and the activity rate of people aged 15-24 and 55-64. Cyclical factors (the unemployment rate in Model (1) and real GDP per capita in Model (2)) have also been found to have a significant effect on part-time employment in EU-28 countries.

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The aim of the article is the analysis of the relationship between work engagement and evaluation of remuneration justice in the context of the dimensions of organizational justice in Lithuania and Poland. The starting point for the research was the identification the essence of evaluation of remuneration justice from the perspective of management sciences. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of the views on organizational justice allowed to define the key aspects of remuneration justice necessary for a detailed exploration of the studied area. They point to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of remuneration justice, integrating all its aspects, not only the distribution aspect. The strong link between fair remuneration and work engagement draws attention to the conditions for effective remuneration instruments. On the basis of the results of empirical research, the assessment of the fairness of remuneration by Polish and Lithuanian employees was diagnosed. In Lithuania, 9% and in Poland 52% of respondents described their current salary as fair. Correlations between the examined constructs were examined. It is concluded that for both working Lithuanians and working Poles fair compensation means remuneration appropriate to the work performed. The sense of fairness of remuneration coexists with distributional, procedural and interactive justice and with the lack of feeling of being exploited.

This paper presents a subjective evaluation of the attitudes and experiences in the Lithuanian labour market of currently unemployed youths (aged 18 to 35) registered at the public employment service (PES). The main focus is on identifying the main issues related to the successful transition of youths from education to the labour market. Research questions: How do currently unemployed young people evaluate their prospects on the labour market? What is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on youth transitions? What are the obstacles in the search for a (first) job? The study is based on survey research that was carried out in Lithuania from February to April 2021. A total of 453 young people who are currently unemployed and registered at the PES participated in the study. The results reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic has affected more vulnerable young people with a lower educational level and less work experience living in rural areas. Respondents with lower levels of education indicated greater difficulties in the search for a first job and in obtaining a stable working position. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the transition from education to the labour market for young women more than for men.

The article reviews the concept of flexible employment forms and their effects on the labour market. It analyses foreign experience in application of flexible employment forms, discusses possibilities for assessment of the economic effect of the application of flexible employment forms in Lithuania and results of an expert survey.