The differences of volatile odorants of rice at different roasting levels were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) using fingerprints combined with principal component analysis (PCA). GC-IMS and PCA could distinguish the different roasting levels of rice and the results showed that a total of 47 representative flavor compounds were detected in four samples from all roasting stages. The aroma components of roasted rice are mainly aldehydes and ketones, furans and pyrroles, as well as a large number of phenols, esters and alcohols, which make up the special aroma flavor of roasted rice. It can be seen that the flavor characteristics of roasted rice can be reflected more fully when the rice is roasted in medium (18 min), and can have more fruit wood, cream and roasted aromas. The PCA based on the signal intensity of the detected volatile compounds revealed effective differentiation of samples from different stages into comparatively independent spaces. Thus, the differences of volatile compounds from different roasting stages of rice were determined, and the flavor fingerprints of that can be successfully established using HS-GC-IMS and PCA.

Mathanobatins (Mb, Mbtins) were immobilized successfully on nanometer-sized gold colloid particles associated with β-mercaptoethylamine. The structures of Mb functionalized gold nanoparticles were characterized and confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), FTIR spectra and electrochemical analyses. Direct electron transfer between Mb or copper-loading Mbtins and the modified electrode was investigated without the aid of any electron mediator. The copper-loading Mbtins act as a better electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 than Mb. The copper-loading Mb, with which gold nanoparticles were functionalized, as a model enzyme, was immobilized on gold electrode to construct a novel H2O2 biosensor. In pH 6.4 phosphate buffer solution, the reduction and oxidation peak potentials of Mb functionalized gold nanoparticles modified Au electrode (copper-loading Mbtins) were 0.115 and 0.222 V. On the surface, capacitance per unite area (Cd) of Mb functionalized gold nanoparticles modified electrode were 38 μF cm-2. The immobilized Mb displayed the features of a peroxidase and gave an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of H2O2. The detection limit of Mb functionalized gold nanoparticles (copper-loading) were 09 × 10-5 mA/M (S/N = 3). The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was 0.787 mM. Good stability and sensitivity were assessed for the biosensor.

The study investigated the changes of lipid metabolism histology in rats under the three groups of dietary modifications after dietary intervention in (Sprague-Dawley, SD) SD rats using lotus seed reconstituted rice, ordinary rice, and high-fat feed made from lotus seed starch-rice flour after extrusion and puffing. It was found that the high-fat feed could lead to the disorder of lipid metabolism in rats, and the accumulation of lipid metabolism substances caused by the high-fat feed was significantly increased; the intervention of ordinary rice and high-dose reconstituted rice revealed that the high-dose reconstituted rice could improve the disorder of lipid metabolism and the accumulation of lipid substances caused by the high-fat feed to a greater extent. The main lipid substances were PC, TAG, Cer, CE, SM, PE, LPC, Acar, DAG, FAHFA, OxPI, PI, SQDG, Cer/NS, GlcADG, HBMP, Cer/NDS, HexCer/NS, etc., and the study confirmed that the reconstituted rice made from lotus seeds in this experiment was better than ordinary rice, and the high-dose reconstituted rice obtained from the study has a better modulating effect on lipid metabolism disorders and organism damage caused by high-fat feed.

No abstract

High fat diet may cause obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases, and even mortality. The recombinant rice based on mixing lotus seed starch and broken rice flour was used to feed high-fat diet rats, and its effects on body weight and organ index were determined. The changes of intestinal flora in rats were studied by macrogenomic technology, and the effects of lotus seed starch-broken rice flour recombinant rice (LSBR) on intestinal flora in rats were discussed. The results showed that adding enough LSBR could effectively inhibit the weight gain of rats, reduce the liver index from 0.3498 to 0.2836, and the kidney index from 0.0079 to 0.0072. The reduction of intestinal flora abundance and diversity caused by high-fat diet were improved, the relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidete was reduced from 11.04 to 2.17, while the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased.

In this paper, the effects of the induced polymerization and modification by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) on solubility and emulsifiability of soybean 11S globulin was studied. The mechanism was also investigated through proteomics. Using SDS-PAGE and optical density scanning to testify MTGase enzymatic polymerization, the optimum conditions showed that: temperature was 45 °C, ionic condition I was 0.2, pH was 8.0, the amount of enzyme was 30 U/g. The molecular weight of modified 11S globulin subunits concentrated at 15 kDa. The solublity and emulsifiability were significantly enhanced. There were 268 differential protein spots extracted. Ten protein spots had significant differences in expression which totally focused on seed storage proteins, promoting seed germination and maturation proteins, proteins involved in osmotic regulation and alcohol dehydrogenase, which affect solubility and emulsifiability of 11S globulin.

A Mb-functionalized AuNPs system for copper ion detection based on coordination chemistry of Mb and copper ion to mediate the assembly of Mb-functionalized gold nanoparticles was presented. Mb-functionalized AuNPs solution was stable in red color. While the presence of Cu2+ induces significant assembly of Mb-functionalized AuNPs by forming Mb2-Cu coordination along with red-to wine red-to-purple-to-blue colour changes. The solution color was related to the assembly degree of Mb-functionalized AuNPs. Meanwhile, good linear relationship of Cu2+ along with A 645 nm/525 nm values could be obtained for its quantitative determination. Furthermore, Mb-functionalized AuNPs system shows excellent selectivity to Cu2+ against any other tested metal ions and anions, and good sensitivity with LOD of 3.26 nmol/L for real water samples.

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced by several plants. To investigate its mechanism on prevention of alcoholic liver injury, 72 male rats with alcoholic liver disease were randomly divided into 6 groups (blank, model, positive drug, high, medium and low dose of resveratrol groups). After 30 days of continuous feeding, the levels of various indexes were detected; TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis of liver cells; the expression of CYP2E1, SIRT-1, NF-κB and TNF-α was detected by western blot. In the results, the activities of Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total bilirubin (TBIL) and y-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in serum of resveratrol groups were significantly lower than those of model control group, the activity of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in high and medium dose resveratrol group was significantly increased. The contents of Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the groups with high, medium and low doses of resveratrol were significantly reduced. Resveratrol could significantly reduce the protein expression of CYP2E1, NF-κB and TNF-α in rat liver tissue; the protein expression of SIRT-1 was significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, resveratrol has a remarkable antioxidant effect.