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List of Papers vii List of Figures xiii Nomenclature xix A substantial amount of work has been done on smoldering fires. Reviews by Babrauskas [10], Ohlemiller [61] and Rein [72] display the complexity of smoldering fire. One of the less understood aspects is the transition from smoldering to flaming fire. Transition from smoldering to flaming fire has been reported by different researchers, but has not been studied systematically. Smoldering, on the other hand, has been thoroughly reported [59, 79]. Since the transition from smoldering to flaming is a concern for domestic fires, woodland fires, aeronautics and spaceflight [72], a better understanding of the mechanisms causing the transition is desirable. Earlier works show that density affects smoldering. Lawson found that cellulose insulation resistant to onset of smoldering at low densities, ignites and smolders at higher densities, i.e

This dissertation describes the development and validation of a methodology for estimating the consequences of accidental dust explosions in complex geometries. The approach adopted entails the use of results from standardized tests in 20-litre explosion vessels as input to the combustion model in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, and the subsequent validation of the model system by comparing with results from laboratory and large-scale experiments. The PhD project includes dedicated laboratory experiments designed to explore selected aspects of flame propagation in dust clouds, and to reveal similarities and differences between flame propagation in gaseous mixtures and mechanical suspensions of combustible powder in air. v Scientific environment The philosophiae doctor (PhD) project started in January 2004. The work progressed under the principal supervision of Professor Rolf K.

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