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The list of 13 fabrication site hazardous activities has been derived from focusing on the areas where significant incidents or near misses with fatality potential have occurred, while also taking into account existing safety practices common within the industry. Analysis of 10 years of IOGP incident data validated the final selection of the recommended practices by the IOGP Task Force. The IOGP Fabrication Site Construction Safety (FSCS) Recommended Practices document will provide standardized minimum requirements for addressing safety risks associated with the 13 listed hazardous activities, as well as a general section that addresses site-wide requirements. The objective of the FSCS Recommended Practices is to support the use of fabrication site specific construction practices that meet or exceed the requirements of the IOGP Recommended Practices, independently of the customer. This paper uses the on-going development of the IOGP FSCS Recommended Practices as a case study on how to drive for greater industry consistency to achieve a safer work environment and to remove inefficiencies.

This paper provides an overview of the key aspects of the International Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) Association Fabrication Site Construction Safety Practices standardization initiative. It outlines the intent behind this initiative and the benefits that adoption and implementation of the IOGP-577 Fabrication SiteConstruction Safety Practices could bring to operators, EPCMs, contractors, and wider industry. The paper also provides a summary of the Construction Safety Practices developed as the result of this initiative and describes how this initiative could be implemented across IOGP member companies who formed the task force for this initiative. The paper further describes the tactics recommended for wider industry adoption. This paper acknowledges the contribution of the following individuals, representing IOGP Fabrication Site Construction Safety Task Force: S. Bergeron, Kosmos Energy; K. Cruickshank, Oil & Gas UK; S. Devincq, Total; G. Gratz, ExxonMobil Development Company; A. Mugno, Chevron; D. Stroud, Kosmos Energy; S. Sotoudehmanesh, Statoil; J. Trapp, BP; A. Burton, Shell International Trading and Shipping Company;

This paper discusses the complete cycle of the development, adoption and implementation of the IOGP fabrication site construction safety recommended practices for hazardous activities, as well as supporting enabling activities, and reference library. It also describes a world class example of sharing learnings and best practices across industry to improve safety performance of contractors and subcontractors, making construction safety standardization business as usual. Adoption statements from senior management within IOGP task force companies are shared in this paper. Implementation of IOGP-577 for the execution of project within a major oil and gas company is illustrated as a case study.

Shell designed, is building, and will operate Mars B Project Olympus TensionedLeg Platform (TLP) with Drilling and Completion Platform Rig to produce 100MBOPD oil and 100MMSCFD gas. Protecting people and environment is the toppriority for Shell. Initial design assumptions for Passive Fire Protection(PFP) application and blast design to protect people could result in the needfor significantly high weight allowances. Therefore, there is a need to find acomprehensive and structured approach to optimize PFP and blast mitigation todeliver reasonable weight allowances. This paper demonstrates how, through the use of practical safety assessments, weight allowances for PFP application and blast design can be optimized. Itdescribes how the Mars B Project was able to demonstrate As Low as ReasonablyPracticable (ALARP) risks for the design of critical systems for Major Hazardson the Olympus TLP. Major Hazards such as blowout fires, large wellbayexplosions, and process releases are addressed. Optimization of PFPrequirements and blast mitigation is demonstrated for critical systems such asthe Temporary Refuge (TR), Drill rig, Flare Boom, Primary Structures, ProcessVessels, Occupied Buildings, and Crane. In the case of the Drill Rig, fire andblast assessment is aligned with a key recommendation from the United StatesCoast Guard Deepwater Deepwater Horizon investigation report. Credible Design Scenarios are identified for Major Accident Hazards (MAHs) andused to assess the inherent strength of the proposed design through FireDegradation, Blast Structural Assessment, and TR Impairment studies. Whennecessary design improvements were identified, further work was undertaken tooptimize PFP application and blast resistance while delivering an ALARP design. In the process, full consideration was given to minimizing design changes, saving weight, and reducing maintenance problems during the life of thefacility. In some instances this produced a superior result relative to initialengineering assumptions about PFP application and blast design.

As part of the Royal Dutch Shell Group, the Shell Projects organisation, which is responsible for all major construction projects in Shell, shares the Shell-wide Goal Zero aspiration of no harm and no leaks. To help accelerate the journey to Goal Zero, a set of standard safety rules and a roadmap of activities that can help to deliver strong safety leadership have been implemented across all construction sites and installation vessels. This paper will describe the development of this initiative, which is known as Construction Site Safety Standardisation (CSSS), outline its key components and their purpose, and demonstrate how CSSS is impacting the global projects construction sites that are essential to the continued growth of Shell as an energy provider and petrochemical company. CSSS grew out of an analysis of how workers were getting hurt, mainly based on Shell's own data, but also using some wider industry information. A hot spot analysis was made of incident types, including near misses with serious injury potential. The following activities were identified as the most hazardous: Confined SpacesExcavationsHeavy Equipment and Vehicle OperationsHot WorksLifting and HoistingSafe Isolation of EnergyScaffolding and other forms of accessSimultaneous OperationsWorking at Height Requirements that were specific to construction/installation activities were then developed to reinforce and complement already existing cross-Shell HSSE requirements. Standards were also developed for the following safe practices that were regarded as further construction-wide contributory factors in safety performance: ▪Barricades and Open Holes▪Housekeeping▪Line of Fire▪Personal Protective Equipment▪Routine Life Tasks The new, extended requirements, supported by visual materials and toolbox talks, are designed to promote safer work among both employees and contractor staff as well as cross-pollinate lessons learned and best practices across the global projects portfolio. The requirement to use a ‘roadmap’ of enabling activities, supported by a structured set of consistent materials and job aids, reduces waste and streamlines approaches to building worksite safety cultures. This, in turn, improves experience transfer and learning and avoids the potential of continual reinvention of initiatives across projects. Roadmap activities are clustered into five areas: Safety Leadership; Care for People; Staffing, Training, Competency; Communications; and Worksite Set-up. CSSS was initially back-integrated into existing projects and is now an integral part of the start-up of new projects. Consistent uptake across projects is helping to establish a single, global approach to construction site safety management. This paper will include some project examples to show how CSSS is helping to drive positive change and promote consistency in different environments - including greenfield and brownfield sites and vessels - and across projects with varying governance models.

Major accident safety management in the E&P Industry has experienced several challenges (e.g. cost over-runs, loss of life) throughout our history. A typical strategy for risk management is goal setting: achieving tolerable risks and reducing risks to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). However, several projects have demonstrated that in their efforts to optimize safety design features, some systems have been under-specified early in the project. The process to identify these areas of potential weakness, select appropriate increased requirements and implement design changes often results in a sub-optimal solution for effort, cost, schedule or safety performance.The strategy proposed can be applied to any type of E&P installation to manage major accident hazards. It can also be applied to other goal setting design dimensions, such as environmental performance. The approach prescribes a set of specific performance standards at the concept selection stage and ensures that these requirements are implemented.The safety measures implemented to manage major accident hazards are very seldom required to function in the facility lifetime. As such project teams may not fully understand the significant role of each major accident control measure. Input from experienced Safety Engineers was refined into a minimum specification that is sufficiently clear to be used by design engineering teams, such that these few critical systems are implemented effectively. First applications of this approach have demonstrated significantly improved levels of safety, cost, schedule and effort relative to the reliance on the optimization approach during detailed design.The design safety strategy recommended by the authors has demonstrated the opportunity to:• Speed up execution • Limit safety scope changes late in the project • Reduce project engineering efforts • Minimize safety "gold-plating" • Deliver a robust design for major accident hazards • Significantly reduce and manage the major accident risks

In 2013-2014 the projects organization set a goal to look at personal safety through a process safety lens (inherent safety principles) to reduce hot spots in personal safety risks through improved construction planning (both pre and during construction). This paper presents a suite of innovative techniques that were developed to identify opportunities for construction risk reduction. The techniques focus on the identification of construction hazards and development of design alternatives, fabrication sequence and yard layout changes to eliminate the source of the hazard. The paper presents the approach and techniques developed; case studies where the approach was applied; and where significant risk reduction and fabrication efficiency improvements were achieved. The techniques developed have been applied at three primary project phases: Construction Engineering – High-level review to identify and eliminate hazards through (construction / design) engineering changes or construction related changes.30-60-90 Day Planning Reviews – Mid level reviews using a modified HAZID type approach to eliminate hazards through detailed work scope identification, work activity sequence, engineering controls, construction assembly sequence, and coordination of simultaneous task.Construction Execution Reviews – Simplified Bowties and Audits to review the number and quality of barriers to each threat line to verify that sufficient controls are in place and effective for the key top events. The techniques have been primarily applied to the higher risk hazards, based on work activities from previous fabrication experiences that occurred at similar facilities. In particular, the work has focused on: –Eliminating working at height: by moving work to ground level (engineering and fabrication sequence changes)–Reducing the amount of working in confined spaces: changing the work sequence to complete as much activity as possible prior to confining the work face area, and providing additional access and ventilation–Reducing dropped object exposure: moving work to ground level, and reducing the simultaneous working at multiple levels of a structure–Eliminating and reducing the number and complexity of lifts: changes to the fabrication sequence and construction engineering–Reducing traffic and transportation risks: elimination of people – heavy vehicle interactions through yard layout The quantifiable benefits of the approach have been: Reduction in the exposure of personnel to HSSE hazards by eliminating and reducing exposures during construction activities, through inherent safety thinkingImprovements and optimization of construction efficiency and sequence by reducing exposures associated with higher risk activities.