Validation of CFD modelling of LH2 spread and evaporation against large-scale spill experiments

Middha, Prankul; Ichard, Mathieu; Arntzen, Bjørn J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.122

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…A new pool model handling the spread and the evaporation of liquid spills on different surfaces has recently been developed in the 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool FLACS. The model has been validated for LNG spills on water with the Maplin Sands, the Burro and Coyote experiments (Hansen, Melheim, & Storvik, 2007;Middha, Ichard, & Arntzen, 2009). …”

Section: Liquid Hydrogen Releasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion

Middha

Hansen

Storvik

2009

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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100

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a b s t r a c tTo be able to perform proper consequence modelling as a part of a risk assessment, it is essential to be able to model the physical processes well. Simplified tools for dispersion and explosion predictions are generally not very useful. CFD tools have the potential to model the relevant physics and predict well, but without proper user guidelines based on extensive validation work, very mixed prediction capability can be expected. In this article, recent dispersion validation effort for the CFD tool FLACS-HYDROGEN is presented. A range of different experiments is simulated, including low-momentum releases in a garage, subsonic jets in a garage with stratification effects and subsequent slow diffusion, low momentum and subsonic horizontal jets influenced by buoyancy, and free jets from high-pressure vessels. LH 2 releases are also considered. Some of the simulations are performed as blind predictions.

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Section: Liquid Hydrogen Releasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion

Middha

Hansen

Storvik

2009

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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100

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“…The expanded leak size was calculated to be 3.26 Â 10 À4 m 2 (using a discharge coefficient of 0.6 for two-phase flow) since hydrogen is assumed to flash inside the pipe and the computations start at the leak orifice. The grid resolution is chosen based on guidelines developed through previous extensive validation efforts for LNG according to the Model Evaluation Protocol [11,12] and LH2 [5]. No grid sensitivity calculations were explicitly carried out.…”

Section: Results For Test-07mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expressions for the turbulent kinetic energy (k) and turbulence dissipation rate ( 3) for neutral and stable atmospheric boundary layers are given by Han et al [18] Further model details can be found elsewhere [5,12]. The atmospheric dispersion model in FLACS has been tested for a wide range of scenarios including releases of dense, passive and buoyant gases in open, obstructed and enclosed spaces [5,19e22].…”

Section: The Atmospheric Dispersion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30]. The 2D shallow water equations are solved at every time step and on the same computational domain as the atmospheric flow [5,12]. This allows the heat transfer from the ambient to be accounted for in a realistic and time-dependent manner.…”

Section: The Rain-out and Pool Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This emphasizes the need for a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool to calculate the dispersion of the gas cloud and, furthermore, a local formulation of the mass and heat transfer between the hydrogen cloud and the surrounding flow. FLACS has also been validated previously against largescale liquid H 2 release and dispersion experiments [5]. One of the simulated experiments was performed by Battelle Ingenieurtechnik and Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und Prufung (BAM), Berlin, in the frame of the Euro-Quebec-HydroHydrogen-Pilot-Project and dealt mainly with LH 2 near ground releases between buildings [6].…”

Section: Introduction and Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

CFD computations of liquid hydrogen releases

Ichard

Hansen

Middha

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Plume dispersion behaviour and hazard identification for large quantities of liquid hydrogen leakage

Shao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier. The primary issue of hydrogen utilisation is safety in various scenarios for the coming hydrogen economy. This study focuses on liquid hydrogen leakage, which is typically induced by structural failure in refuelling stations and transit vehicles. In the present study, the authors reveal the plume dispersion behaviour and the underlying mechanism from a macro perspective and identify the associated hazards in the whole dispersion history. These problems have drawn little attention in previous studies. A numerical investigation was conducted, and the flow-field data were deeply investigated, which were insufficient in the previous experiment. The local turbulence and mixing induced by the temperature difference was revealed to be the major cause of hydrogen dispersion. The lift force induced by the density difference enhanced the dispersion. The dispersion behaviour was classified into three phases: the dense-gas phase, rise phase, and passive phase. The rise phase is the major one for cryogenic hydrogen dispersion. The frostbite hazard can be ignored, owing to insufficient exposure duration. For wind velocities of 2.2, 5.0, and 10.0 m/s, the durations of the hazardous cloud are 56, 51, and 47 s, respectively. The maximum heights of the hazardous cloud are 23.6, 12.1, and 6.2 m, respectively. There is a high fire/explosion probability in the dense-gas phase and a low probability in the latter two phases.

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Validation of CFD modelling of LH2 spread and evaporation against large-scale spill experiments

Cited by 56 publications

References 135 publications

Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion

Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion

CFD computations of liquid hydrogen releases

Plume dispersion behaviour and hazard identification for large quantities of liquid hydrogen leakage

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