Development of hydroxyapatite-ciprofloxacin bone-implants using »Quality by design«
The present study deals with the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-ciprofloxacin bone-implants using the »Quality by design« approach. The effect of various synthesis parameters like drug amount added in the process, stirring speed and addition rate of orthophosphoric acid in the synthesis on drug concentration in the HAp-ciprofloxacin system synthesized by the precipitation technique using 23 factorial design was analyzed. Optimization methodology utillizing the first-order polynomial equation was used to search for optimal drug concentration in the HAp-ciprofloxacin implant system. The observed responses coincided well with the predicted values from the optimization technique. New implants were manufactured using various HAp-ciprofloxacin composites and 1.5 % (m/V) guar gum as a binder. Characterization of the delivery system was done by XRPD, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Even at highest drug concentration (76.6 ± 0.5 %, m/m), ciprofloxacin was present in noncrystalline state. The in vitro ciprofloxacin release from various bone-implants was sustained for several weeks and the drug release pattern correlated well with the Korsmeyer- Peppas model.
Background:Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been accepted universally to be applied in food, spice and traditional medicine. The medicinal and other beneficial properties of garlic are attributed to organosulfur compounds.Objective:As of today no simultaneous analysis has been performed; hence the transformation of allicin to its degraded products during cultivation and storage is open into doubt.Materials and Methods:In our present work, we have tried to develop a sensitive and reproducible analytical method to measure allicin by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis with effect of post-acoustic waves and microwave radiation on fresh garlic cloves.Results:The process revealed the effect of different radiation techniques on fresh garlic retains the principle component, allicin in its pure form and generated higher yield than the conventional way of extraction.Conclusion:Therefore, materializing these techniques in the pharmaceutical industry will definitely be proved beneficial in term of time as well as money. Most interestingly, the methods ruled out possibilities of degradation of organosulfur compounds as well.
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