Acute viral respiratory infections (AVRI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups globally. Except for Influenza virus and Respiratory Syncytial virus, mostly viral aetiology of AVRI remains undiagnosed. Lately, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have emerged as an important aetiology of AVRI. A laboratory based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in which respiratory samples (throat swabs) of patients (n = 864), with Influenza negative SARI, of all age groups between Jan 2011-Dec 2012 were tested for HCoVs including MERS-CoV using Conventional and real time PCR assays. The prevalence of HCoV among SARI cases was 1.04% (9/864) [95% CI: 0.36-1.72]. Of these four (44.44%) were identified as HCoV OC43, three (33.33%) as HCoV NL63 and two (22.22%) as HCoV 229E. No HCoV HKU1 was detected. The samples were also negative for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The results of this study documents low prevalence of human coronaviruses in SARI cases in south western India and the absence of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. As the study included only SARI cases the prevalence reported could be an under estimate when it is extrapolated to community.
Dengue is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae). This mosquito-borne virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with Aedes aegypti being the predominant vector. An infection with any dengue serotype provides immunity against that particular serotype, but not against different dengue serotypes (1). Asian genotypes of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and serotype 3 (DENV-3) are frequently associated with severe disease manifestations, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (2).Dengue infections are widely prevalent in India, where all 4 serotypes are found. Outbreaks have been reported from rural areas of Haryana, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra (3). Although outbreaks in India were mainly due to DENV-2 and DENV-3, dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) was the predominant serotype reported in the 2010 Delhi outbreak. The circulating genotypes of DENV-1 have been less extensively studied worldwide (4), and there is a scarcity of available literature regarding the currently circulating DENV-1 strains from South West India. In this context, we decided to undertake a laboratory-based study to determine the circulating genotypes of DENV-1 strains.The Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) of Manipal University (Manipal, Karnataka, India) approved the protocol (IEC 308 2016), and the samples archived be- The initial reverse transcription was carried out at 50 C for 30 min, followed by denaturation at 95 C for 15 min. The cDNA was amplified by 40 cycles of denaturation (94 C, 30 s), primer annealing (57 C, 90 s), and primer extension (72 C, 30 s), with a final extension at 72 C for 5 min. The PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1 (w v) agarose gel. RT-PCR positive samples were purified using the QIAquick ® PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). The purified PCR products were directly sequenced using specific primers and the Big Dye Terminator Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA,USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions, in a 3500 XL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems).A total of eight DENV-1 E gene sequences were analyzed in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-1 was further carried out using MEGA7 software (http: www.megasoftware.net ). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method, and the reliability of the tree was tested by the bootstrap method (1,000 replicates). SUMMARY:Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease affecting humans, with tropical and subtropical regions having the highest risk of dengue virus infections. The clinical symptoms often range from mild fever to fever with hemorrhagic manifestations and shock. Since 2010, India has been witnessing a marked increase in the number of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) infections, apart from those of serotypes 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3). The present study was undertaken to understand the circulating genotypes of DENV-1 in South West India, by sequencing the envelope gene of DENV-1 samples representative of th...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.