Dengue is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae). This mosquito-borne virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with Aedes aegypti being the predominant vector. An infection with any dengue serotype provides immunity against that particular serotype, but not against different dengue serotypes (1). Asian genotypes of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and serotype 3 (DENV-3) are frequently associated with severe disease manifestations, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (2).Dengue infections are widely prevalent in India, where all 4 serotypes are found. Outbreaks have been reported from rural areas of Haryana, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra (3). Although outbreaks in India were mainly due to DENV-2 and DENV-3, dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) was the predominant serotype reported in the 2010 Delhi outbreak. The circulating genotypes of DENV-1 have been less extensively studied worldwide (4), and there is a scarcity of available literature regarding the currently circulating DENV-1 strains from South West India. In this context, we decided to undertake a laboratory-based study to determine the circulating genotypes of DENV-1 strains.The Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) of Manipal University (Manipal, Karnataka, India) approved the protocol (IEC 308 2016), and the samples archived be- The initial reverse transcription was carried out at 50 C for 30 min, followed by denaturation at 95 C for 15 min. The cDNA was amplified by 40 cycles of denaturation (94 C, 30 s), primer annealing (57 C, 90 s), and primer extension (72 C, 30 s), with a final extension at 72 C for 5 min. The PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1 (w v) agarose gel. RT-PCR positive samples were purified using the QIAquick ® PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). The purified PCR products were directly sequenced using specific primers and the Big Dye Terminator Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA,USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions, in a 3500 XL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems).A total of eight DENV-1 E gene sequences were analyzed in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-1 was further carried out using MEGA7 software (http: www.megasoftware.net ). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method, and the reliability of the tree was tested by the bootstrap method (1,000 replicates). SUMMARY:Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease affecting humans, with tropical and subtropical regions having the highest risk of dengue virus infections. The clinical symptoms often range from mild fever to fever with hemorrhagic manifestations and shock. Since 2010, India has been witnessing a marked increase in the number of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) infections, apart from those of serotypes 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3). The present study was undertaken to understand the circulating genotypes of DENV-1 in South West India, by sequencing the envelope gene of DENV-1 samples representative of th...
Automatic software vulnerability detection has caught the eyes of researchers as because software vulnerabilities are exploited vehemently causing major cyber-attacks. Thus, designing a vulnerability detector is an inevitable approach to eliminate vulnerabilities. With the advances of Natural language processing in the application of interpreting source code as text, AI approaches based on Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Graph Neural Network have impactful research works. The key requirement for developing an AI based vulnerability detector model from a developer perspective is to identify which AI model to adopt, availability of labelled dataset, how to represent essential feature and tokenizing the extracted feature vectors, specification of vulnerability coverage with detection granularity. Most of the literature review work explores AI approaches based on either Machine Learning or Deep Learning model. The existing literature work either highlight only feature representation technique or identifying granularity level and dataset. A qualitative comparative analysis on ML, DL, GNN based model is presented in this work to get a complete picture on VDM thus addressing the challenges of a researcher to choose suitable architecture, feature representation and processing required for designing a VDM. This work focuses on putting together all the essential bits required for designing an automated software vulnerability detection model using any various AI approaches.
Distributed computing is one of the paradigms in the world of information technology. Middleware is the essential tool for implementing distributed computing for overtaking the heterogeneity of platform and language. DRDO's intranet, DRONA, has the potential of hosting distributed applications across the network. This paper deals with the essentials of distributed computing, architecture of DRONA network, and the scope of distributed computing in Defence applications. It also suggests a few possible applications of distributed computing.
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