Scalable circuits of organic logic and memory are realized using all-additive printing processes. A 3-bit organic complementary decoder is fabricated and used to read and write non-volatile, rewritable ferroelectric memory. The decoder-memory array is patterned by inkjet and gravure printing on flexible plastics. Simulation models for the organic transistors are developed, enabling circuit designs tolerant of the variations in printed devices. We explain the key design rules in fabrication of complex printed circuits and elucidate the performance requirements of materials and devices for reliable organic digital logic.
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Flexible electrophoretic displays are demonstrated using all‐additive solution‐processed active‐matrix backplanes. The conducting traces and the organic semiconductor for the pixel circuit were deposited by inkjet printing. Printed backplanes with smaller pixel size are desirable and the consequences of increasing the display resolution from 37 ppi to 74 ppi are discussed. Novel fabrication approaches for printed multi‐layer pixel designs are presented.
Organic ferroelectric field-effect transistors were fabricated by inkjet printing for use as nonvolatile memory. Changes in device hysteresis were measured for 7 days to determine the limiting properties that restrict memory retention time. It was found that shifts in threshold voltage contributed to ∼55% of the reduction in transistor current, while decreased dielectric capacitance and reduced semiconductor mobility accounted for ∼30% and ∼15% of the current decay, respectively. The decrease in mobility and the shifts in threshold voltages are caused by remnant dipolar alignment in the ferroelectric insulator, and the reduction in gate capacitance is explained by injected charges in the ferroelectric dielectric. A method to calibrate and extract the input switching voltage is presented, and this calibration accounts for variations in device characteristics with time and allows the ferroelectric transistors to be used as analog memories.
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