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As the needs for low-cost rapidly-produced microfluidics are growing with the trend of Lab-on-a-Chip and distributed healthcare, the fully inkjet-printing of microfluidics can be a solution to it with numerous potential electrical and sensing applications. Inkjet-printing is an additive manufacturing technique featuring no material waste and a low equipment cost. Moreover, similar to other additive manufacturing techniques, inkjet-printing is easy to learn and has a high fabrication speed, while it offers generally a great planar resolution down to below 20 µm and enables flexible designs due to its inherent thin film deposition capabilities. Due to the thin film feature, the printed objects also usually obtain a high vertical resolution (such as 4.6 µm). This paper introduces a low-cost rapid three-dimensional fabrication process of microfluidics, that relies entirely on an inkjet-printer based single platform and can be implemented directly on top of virtually any substrates.

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This paper introduces the first-of-its-kind wireless passive sensing platform combining radio frequency identification (RFID), microfluidics, and inkjet printing technology that enables remote fluid analysis and requires as little as 3 L of fluid. The demonstrated variable microfluidic capacitors, resonators, and RFID tags are fabricated using a novel rapid, low-cost, and low-temperature additive inkjet process, making them disposable. However, even with their disposable nature, the RF microfluidic devices exhibit repeatability and long-term reusability for accurately detecting water, various alcohols, and % content of water/alcohol mixtures down to 1% water in ethanol. While the main discussion is on fluid sensing, the demonstrated components can also be used in fluid-tunable RF applications.

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Inkjet-printing is a very promising technology for the development of microwave circuits and components. Inkjetprinting technology of conductive silver nanoparticles on an organic flexible paper substrate is introduced in this study. The paper substrate is characterised using the T-resonator method. A variety of microwave passive and active devices, as well as complete circuits inkjet-printed on paper substrates are introduced. This work includes inkjet-printed artificial magnetic conductor structures, a substrate integrated waveguide, solar-powered beacon oscillator for wireless power transfer and localisation, energy harvesting circuits and nanocarbon-based gas-sensing materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. This study presents an overview of recent advances of inkjet-printed electronics on paper substrate. www.ietdl.org 858