Against the backdrop of several concerning reports which have noted growing socio-religious conservatism and intolerance amongst Indonesia youth, this study examined how school-aged Indonesian young people navigate encounters with religious difference in their everyday lives.Recognising the significance of religious and citizenship education curricula, the research included classroom observations and interviews with 20 religiously-diverse Indonesian young people in three purposively selected high schools in Jakarta. The paper reveals that participants in all three schools agreed that religious studies and their personal religious frameworks were central to their approaches toward religious tolerance. However, their lived everyday experiences of rubbing shoulders with religious 'others', expanded upon and critiqued the narrowness and rigidity of these frameworks and showed greater religious inclusivity. Through this analysis the paper integrates prior work on 'lived religion' and 'lived citizenship' to fuse a 'lived religious citizenship' concept, arguing that this adds depth to both fields by recognizing that religion cannot be separated from the experience of being a citizen. A focus on lived religious citizenship provides a deeper account of individual identity and highlights the importance of qualitative studies focused on the living out of religion and citizenship.
The transition to democracy in Indonesia has somehow resulted in a majoritarian democracy. By linking the legacy of the New Order regime with the current understanding of democracy, this paper attempts to comprehend and analyze how deeply the common sense of the New Order regime has been rooted in the lives of Indonesian people. The legacy of the New Order regime has been rooted in the personal lives of individuals because the regime implemented its values in the realm of family structures and education systems. To help liberate the minds and souls of Indonesians and be truly democratic, society must be able to become autonomous. A critical pedagogical approach will help to lay bare the common sense and values that have been instilled by the regime, so that people can live autonomously and side by side. Since democracy in Indonesia tends to favor the majority, this study proposes a critical pedagogical approach at every level of society to achieve a power sharing arrangement.
Keywords: indonesian democracy, majoritarian democracy, musyawarah mufakatAbstrak Indonesia telah seringkali dipuji sebagai negara pasca-otoriter yang sukses bertransisi ke demokrasi. Namun, melihat banyaknya pelanggaran hak azasi manusia selama satu dekade lalu ini saja, terutama terhadap identitas politik, agama dan seksual yang alternatif, keberhasilan demokrasi di Indonesia saat ini patut berada di bawah sorotan. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang perkembangan dan implementasi demokrasi di Indonesia dalam menjalankan dan menegakkan prinsip-prinsip kesetaraan sosial untuk seluruh rakyatnya. Dalam artikel ini, saya ingin memberikan gambaran mengenai majoritarian democracy, bentuk demokrasi yang dipahami dan dipraktikkan di Indonesia. Sebuah bentuk demokrasi yang tidak menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai yang melindungi hak-hak individu dan keberagaman bahkan memungkinkan untuk merusak keberagaman agama dan budaya, dan memaksakan homogenitas budaya dan nilai-nilai nasional yang pada akhirnya dapat melahirkan pelanggaran hak azasi atas nama keamanan nasional yang didefinisikan oleh kaum mayoritas itu sendiri.Kata-kata kunci: demokrasi indonesia, demokrasi majoritarian, musyawarah mufakat
© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Against the backdrop of several concerning reports which have noted growing socio-religious conservatism and intolerance amongst Indonesia youth, this study examined how school-aged Indonesian young people navigate encounters with religious difference in their everyday lives. Recognising the significance of religious and citizenship education curricula, the research included classroom observations and interviews with 20 religiously-diverse Indonesian young people in three purposively selected high schools in Jakarta. The paper reveals that participants in all three schools agreed that religious studies and their personal religious frameworks were central to their approaches toward religious tolerance. However, their lived everyday experiences of rubbing shoulders with religious ‘others’, expanded upon and critiqued the narrowness and rigidity of these frameworks and showed greater religious inclusivity. Through this analysis the paper integrates prior work on ‘lived religion’ and ‘lived citizenship’ to fuse a ‘lived religious citizenship’ concept, arguing that this adds depth to both fields by recognising that religion cannot be separated from the experience of being a citizen. A focus on lived religious citizenship provides a deeper account of individual identity and highlights the importance of qualitative studies focused on the living out of religion and citizenship.
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