Gut
microbes play significant roles in colitis development. The
current study was aimed to uncover the preventive effects of lycopene
(LYC), a functional carotenoid component, on colitis and the accompanied
behavior disorders. The current study demonstrated that LYC treatment
(50 mg/kg body weight/day) for 40 days prevented the dextran sulfate
sodium (DSS)-induced gut barrier damages and inflammatory responses
in male mice. LYC improved DSS-induced depression and anxiety-like
behavioral disorders by suppressing neuroinflammation and prevented
synaptic ultrastructure damages by upregulating the expressions of
neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic-density protein. Moreover, LYC
reshaped the gut microbiome in colitis mice by decreasing the relative
abundance of proteobacteria and increasing the relative abundance of
Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. LYC also elevated the generation of
short-chain fatty acids and inhibited the permeability of lipopolysaccharide
in colitis mice. In conclusion, LYC ameliorate DSS-induced colitis
and behavioral disorders via mediating microbes–gut–brain
axis balance.
Sesamol, a liposoluble lignan extract, has already been proved to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties, and it could also regulate gut dysfunction. The purpose of the present research is to explore the protective effect of sesamol on colitis mice. In the current research, sesamol treatment (100 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 6 weeks inhibited the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)induced bodyweight loss of mice. Transmission electron microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed that the DSS-induced histopathological changes of mice were also recovered by sesamol supplementation. In addition, DSS-induced inflammatory responses were inhibited by sesamol supplementation via the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice colon. Moreover, sesamol treatment prevented gut barrier damages by enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) and recovering the loss of gut mucus layer. Furthermore, sesamol supplementation also increased the short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) contents of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Furthermore, sesamol supplementation changed the gut microbiome structure by enhancing the relative abundance of Coprococcuscus, Butyricicoccus, Odoribacter, and AF12 in colitis mice. In conclusion, sesamol could effectively ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by promoting gut microecology.
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