No abstract

To examine the effect of anti-inhibin and hCG-eCG treatments on reproductive hormonal profile in virgin cycling female rats, fifty four virgin cyclic female rats, aged 56 days and weighted 150-170 g., were randomly assigned to three equal groups (AI, eCG, and control). At late metaestrus and 54 h later, AI females were injected with anti-inhibin (1 µg/rat, ip) and normal saline (100µl/rat, ip), eCG females were injected with equine chorionic gonadotropin (20 IU/rat, ip) and human chorionic gonadotropin (10 IU/rat, ip), whereas control females were injected with normal saline (100µl/rat, ip). Eighteen females from each group were sacrificed after treatment (6 females/ group every 12 h for three times). Blood samples were obtained for hormonal assay (FSH, LH, estradiol 17B, prolactin, and ir-inhibin B). Serum FSH concentration of AI females increased significantly than other other groups throughout all periods. Also control females recorded significant elevation compared with eCG females. Serum LH concentrations registered no significant differences between AI and C groups, but they were significantly higher than eCG group only after 36 h. of treatment. Serum prolactin concentrations showed significant decline in AI group among experimental groups throughout all periods. Inhibin B levels, after 12, 24, and 36 h of treatment, decreased significantly in AI group compared with other groups. 17B-estradiol concentrations recorded insignificant differences among groups after 12 h. of treatment, while after 24 h., AI group level increased significantly than other groups. After 36 h. of treatment, AI and eCG groups recorded insignificant difference between each other, but, they were significantly higher than control. It can be concluded that anti-inhibin treatment increases the reproductive fecundity in female rats .

The current study was aimed to synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using aqueous extract of olive leaves (OLE), which is very simple and eco-friendly method. ZnONPs were formed by dissolving of OLE in zinc oxide solution with adjusted pH to 12. Zinc acetate dehydrate reduced to ZnONPs during mixing with OLE associated with change of the color solution from white to pale yellow color within a few minutes. The synthesized OLEZnONPs were separated by centrifugation (4000rpm/ 5min) , then characterized by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) methods. The results of FT-IR showed that the functional group related to Zn-O at (433.98 to 416.67 cm_1), whereas X-RD at 2 theta diagnose the type of oxide formation as ZnO and determined particle size in range (20 – 30 nm). Besides, SEM image was showed the presence of hexagonal shape of ZnO nanoparticles (42.87nm). Therefore, the biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Olea Europaea leaves was simple, low coast, can be an alternative to chemical synthesis and the possibility of using in biomedicine field

The present study was designed to search out the effect of different doses of doxorubicin some functions of pituitary gland and testes in adult male rabbits. Twenty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups and treated for 28 days as follows: first group (control) were injected with normal saline; second group (GI) were injected with doxorubicin 3 mg/ kg B.W., while animals in the third group (GII) and fourth group (GIII) injected with 3.5 and 4 mg/ kg body weight of doxorubicin respectively, all animals were injected twice a week via ear vein. At the end of experiment fasting blood (8-10 hrs) samples were collected. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture technique and serum was collected for measuring the hormones, Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Testosterone (T). In addition, sections from pituitary gland and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The results showed significant increase (P<0.05) in serum FSH, LH and T levels in group (GIII) as compared to GI, GI and control groups. Beside significant increases in T levels was observed in GII as compared to control group. Sever histopathological changes was observed in testes including thickness of basement membrane, protienous material in lumen of somniferous tubules and pituitary gland showed fibrosis, faculation of epithelial cell in all treated groups. In conclusion different doses of doxorubicin have detrimental effect on pituitary gland and male reproductive system of rabbits

Resveratrol (RS) is widely used in medical fields as an antioxidant. Current research investigated ‎the protective role of RS supplement on histomorphometric and histopathological alterations in ‎testes were caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of rats as an animal model. Thirty-two adult ‎rats were utilized in this study, divided randomly into 4 equal groups as follows. The group C ‎was given tap water only and served as control, the 2nd group (G1) was given 0.5% of H2O2 of ‎tap water, the 3rd group (G2) was given tap water containing 0.5% of H2O2 and intubated RS ‎supplement at 87 mg/kg BW, and 4th group intubated RS supplement 87 mg/kg BW. after 56 ‎days of treatment, rats were euthanized, dissected then, specimens of testes tissue were collected ‎for histomorphometric and histopathological evaluation. Our results showed that administration ‎of H2O2 caused a significant histomorphometric with histopathological changes in the form of a ‎thickness of fibrous tunica albuginea, disarrangement of germ cells, necrosis of spermatogonia, ‎edema, and loss of sperms as compared to other groups. Meanwhile, these histological alterations ‎were partially attenuated in the G2 group that intubated resveratrol. Thus, the current study ‎concluded that resveratrol may have therapeutic value in the treatment of induced testicular injury ‎by H2O2 due to its antioxidant activity and attenuation of harmful effects of oxidative ‎stress through a mechanism that should be elucidated in future studies.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate seed oil against toxicity- induced by sodium fluoride and in normal rats. Twenty  adult female Wistar rats were divided into four equal group and treated daily for 40 days as follows: Group C administered  tap water and served as control , group T1 : received sodium fluoride 120ppm in drinking tap water, group T2: received both sodium fluoride 120ppm in drinking water and  administered orally pometone (pomegranate seed oil) 30mg/kg B.W. and group T3 : administered pomegranate seed oil as in group T2 orally. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 40 days to estimation of some biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers . In addition, sections from liver were taken at the end of the experiment for histopathological study. The results revealed that SF (group T1) caused a significant increase in serum aminotransferases (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) activities, total cholesterol ,total bilirubin and peroxynitrite radical concentrations, while GSH concentration was a significantly decrease.  PSO caused an alleviation to the hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium fluoride (group T2) manifested through significant elevation of GSH concentration, in addition, a significant reduction in serum transaminases activity, total cholesterol, peroxynitrite radical and total bilirubin concentrations. In contrast, administration of pomegranate seed oil (group T3) showed no alterations in most of these parameters. Furthermore  histopathological examination of liver tissues of  group T1 manifested aggregation of mononucleated cells, proliferation of hepatocyte, cytoplasmic fat droplet and granulomatous lesion consists of aggregation of macrophage and lymphocyte. All these alteration in liver histology were modified by treatment of rats with pomegranate seed oil (group T2) and no pathological lesion was reported in group T3. On conclusion, this study documented the beneficial effect of pomegranate seed oil against the deleterious effects of SF on liver functions of adult female rats.

This study aimed to investigate the protective influence of olive leave extract zinc oxidenanoparticles (OLEZnONPs) complex against gentamicin–induced kidney dysfunctions ingoats. Twenty five adult female goats were randomly divided into five equal groups andtreated as follows: control group (C) administered sterile distilled water (IM) for 10 days,group G administered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin (IM) for 7 days, group Z administered 10μg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) for 3 days, group GTZ administered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin(IM) for 7 days and then 10 μg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) for 3 days, group GWZadministered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin (IM) and 10 μg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) togetherfor first 3 days and then followed by gentamicin only for 4 days. After seven days of theexperiment, the gene expression of kidney injury molcule-1(KIM-1) and neutrophilgelatinase-association lipocalin (NGAL) gene expression of kidney tissue were measured. Inaddition, samples of kidney were obtained for histopathological examination. Gentamicinmedication induced a marked elevation in kidney tissue KIM-1 and NGAL gene expressionin G and GTZ groups compared to control and other groups. Intraperitoneal treatment ofgoats with OLEZnONPs did not significantly affect NGAL and KIM-1 gene expression in Z,GWZ, and control groups. Histologically, in contrast to control, gentamicin induced moreextensive kidney damages such as necrotized glomeruli, atrophic glomeruli, and renaltubular epithelial necrosis, while it was found that these alterations in kidney tissues wereimproved in goats given OLEZnONPs with gentamicin compared to group G. In conclusion,our results demonstrate that OLEZnONPs reduce the deleterious effects of gentamicin withsignificantly decreasing of KIM-1 and NGAL gene expression and remodeling the histologicalchanges of kidney in goats

This study was designed to investigate the effect of sodium nitrate as oxidant agent on hepatic function of adult male rats, as well as the possible protective role of vitamin E and flavonoid extracted from Nigella Sativa seeds against the deleterious effects of sodium nitrate. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided in to 4 equal groups and treated daily for 84 days as follows: Animals in the first group were received normal saline, serving as control (group C), rats of the second group (T1) were intubated orally sodium nitrate 30mg/kg. B.W.; animals in T2 group were intubated orally vit. E 40mg/Kg B.W. in addition to sodium nitrate, while rats in the fourth group (T3) were intubated orally 50mg/kg B.W of flavonoids was extracted from Nigella Sativa seeds with sodium nitrate. Blood samples were collected at 0, 21, 42, 63 and 84 days of experiment to study the following parameters: Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphtase activity (ALP), serum billirubin, as well as hemoglobin concentration. The result revealed that oral intubation of 30mg/kg. B.W of sodium nitrate (T1 group) for 84 days caused hepatic damage manifested by significant increase (p<0.05) in serum ALT and ALP activities, bilirubin concentration and depression in hemoglobin concentration. On other hand, the protective role of vitamin E and flavonoids extracted from Nigella Sativa was clarified in groupsT2 and T3, including correction of hepatic damage manifested by significant (p<0.05) depression in ALT and ALP activities and bilirubin concentration as well as significant (p<0.05) elevation in hemoglobin concentration. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm the protective role of vitamin E and flavonoids of Nigella sativa seed against hepatic dysfunction caused by sodium nitrate manifested by structural and functional changes.