Environmentally friendly pesticide delivery systems have drawn extensive attention in recent years, and they show great promise in sustainable development of agriculture. We herein report a multifunctional nanoplatform, carboxymethyl chitosan modified carbon nanoparticles (CMC@CNP), as the carrier for emamectin benzoate (EB, a widely used insecticide), and investigate its sustainable antipest activity. EB was loaded on CMC@CNP nanocarrier via simple physisorption process, with a high loading ratio of 55.56%. The EB@CMC@CNP nanoformulation showed improved solubility and dispersion stability in aqueous solution, which is of vital importance to its practical application. Different from free EB, EB@CMC@CNP exhibited pH-responsive controlled release performance, leading to sustained and steady EB release and prolonged persistence time. In addition, the significantly enhanced anti-UV property of EB@ CMC@CNP further ensured its antipest activity. Therefore, EB@CMC@CNP exhibited superior pest control performance than free EB. In consideration of its low cost, easy preparation, free of organic solution, and enhanced bioactivity, we expect, CMC@CNP will have a brilliant future in pest control and green agriculture.
Chronic
wound healing, impeded by bacterial infections and drug
resistance, poses a threat to global human health. Antibacterial phototherapy
is an effective way to fight microbial infection without causing drug
resistance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of highly
crystalline functional porous carbon-based materials composed of light
atoms (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and borane),
showing potential applications in the biomedical field. Herein, we
constructed porphyrin-based COF nanosheets (TP-Por CON) for synergizing
photodynamic and photothermal therapy under red light irradiation
(e.g., 635 nm). Moreover, a nitric oxide (NO) donor
molecule, BNN6, was encapsulated into the pore volume of the crystalline
porous framework structure to moderately release NO triggered by red
light irradiation for realizing gaseous therapy. Therefore, we successfully
synthesized a novel TP-Por CON@BNN6-integrated heterojunction for
thoroughly killing Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia
coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus
aureus
in vitro. Our research identified
that TP-Por CON@BNN6 has favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability,
low phototoxicity, anti-inflammatory properties, and excellent mice
wound healing ability in vivo. This study indicates
that the TP-Por CON@BNN6-integrated heterojunction with multifunctional
properties provides a potential strategy for COF-based gaseous therapy
and microorganism-infected chronic wound healing.
Oxidative stress and local overactive inflammation have been considered major obstacles in diabetic wound treatment. Although antiphlogistic tactics have been reported widely, they are also challenged by pathogen contamination and compromised angiogenesis. Herein, a versatile integrated nanoagent based on 2D reductive covalent organic frameworks coated with antibacterial immuno‐engineered exosome (PCOF@E‐Exo) is reported to achieve efficient and comprehensive combination therapy for diabetic wounds. The E‐Exo is collected from TNF‐α‐treated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypoxia and encapsulated cationic antimicrobial carbon dots (CDs). This integrated nanoagent not only significantly scavenges reactive oxygen species and induces anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, but also stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). More importantly, the PCOF@E‐Exo exhibits intriguing bactericide capabilities toward Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive, and drug‐resistant bacteria, showing favorable intracellular bacterial destruction and biofilm permeation. In vivo results demonstrate that the synergetic impact of suppressing oxidative injury and tissue inflammation, promoting angiogenesis and eradicating bacterial infection, could significantly accelerate the infected diabetic fester wound healing with better therapeutic benefits than monotherapy or individual antibiotics. The proposed strategy can inspire further research to design more delicate platforms using the combination of immunotherapy with other therapeutic methods for more efficient ulcerated diabetic wounds treatments.
Specific chemical
reactions only happen in the tumor region and produce abundant special
chemicals to in situ trigger a train of biological and pathological
effects that may enable tumor-specific curative effects to treat cancer
without causing serious side effects on normal cells or organs. Chemodynamic
therapy (CDT) is a rising tactic for cancer therapy, which induces
cancer cell death via a localized Fenton reaction. However, the tumor
therapeutic effect is limited by the efficiency of the chemical reaction
and relies heavily on the catalyst. Here, we constructed hollow porous
carbon coated FeS2 (HPFeS2@C)-based nanocatalysts
for triple-enhanced CDT. Tannic acid was encapsulated in HPFeS2@C for reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, which
had a better catalytic activity to accelerate the Fenton reaction.
Afterward, glucose oxidase (GOx) in nanocatalysts could consume glucose
in the tumor microenvironment and in situ synchronously produce H2O2, which could improve Fenton reaction efficiency.
Meanwhile, the consumption of glucose could lead to the starvation
effect for cancer starvation therapy. The photothermal effects of
HPFeS2@C could generate heat, which further sped up the
Fenton process and implemented synergetic photothermal therapy/starvation
therapy/CDT. The biodistribution of nanoparticles was investigated
by multimodal magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging.
These nanocatalysts could trigger the catalytic Fenton reaction at
a high degree, which might provide a good paradigm for nanocatalytic
tumor therapy.
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