Carboxymethyl Chitosan Modified Carbon Nanoparticle for Controlled Emamectin Benzoate Delivery: Improved Solubility, pH-Responsive Release, and Sustainable Pest Control

Abstract

Environmentally friendly pesticide delivery systems have drawn extensive attention in recent years, and they show great promise in sustainable development of agriculture. We herein report a multifunctional nanoplatform, carboxymethyl chitosan modified carbon nanoparticles (CMC@CNP), as the carrier for emamectin benzoate (EB, a widely used insecticide), and investigate its sustainable antipest activity. EB was loaded on CMC@CNP nanocarrier via simple physisorption process, with a high loading ratio of 55.56%. The EB@CMC@CNP nanoformulation showed improved solubility and dispersion stability in aqueous solution, which is of vital importance to its practical application. Different from free EB, EB@CMC@CNP exhibited pH-responsive controlled release performance, leading to sustained and steady EB release and prolonged persistence time. In addition, the significantly enhanced anti-UV property of EB@ CMC@CNP further ensured its antipest activity. Therefore, EB@CMC@CNP exhibited superior pest control performance than free EB. In consideration of its low cost, easy preparation, free of organic solution, and enhanced bioactivity, we expect, CMC@CNP will have a brilliant future in pest control and green agriculture.

Chitosan Oligosaccharide Fluorinated Derivative Control Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Disease Based on the Multi-Efficacy Strategy

“…This study shows that chitin, chitosan, and COS can be considered good nematode control candidates. As low toxic pesticides, chitosan and COS can be manufactured as sustainable pesticides encapsulating materials [34,35], or modified by grafting functional groups [36]. The methods can be the route to deal with the toxicity of nematicide [7,37].…”

Application of Solid Dispersion Technique to Improve Solubility and Sustain Release of Emamectin Benzoate

“…Its light-sensitivity leads to its facile degradation upon exposure to the sun, particularly in an alkaline environment, which greatly limits its biological activity in agricultural fields [5,6]. A lot of studies have been done in order to overcome its photodegradable disadvantage by preparing sustained release formulations using carboxymethyl chitosan, cellulose acetate butyrate, polydopamine- g -poly( N -isopropylacrylamide), polylactic acid, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and so on to modify EM [7,8,9,10,11]. Additionally, its poor solubility further limits its applications.…”

Eco‐Friendly Nanoplatforms for Crop Quality Control, Protection, and Nutrition

“…Moreover, various entity‐functionalized nanoplatforms loaded with insecticides can be sprayed on different parts of the plants or drenched into soil to release active compounds in a slow, sustained, and controlled way under specific stimuli, such as pH, light, temperature, enzyme, and ions, improving the effective utilization of pesticides and reducing the amount of pesticides. [ 36,92 ] . For example, in the presence of α ‐amylase or cellulase in the salivary glands or guts of insects with chewing mouthparts, the release behavior of the delivery system can be facilitated with dose‐ and concentration‐dependence.…”