Background : Hyperglycemia on diabetes mellitus can cause increasing of free radicals production. Free radicals caused lipid peroxidation reaction by forming malondialdehyde (MDA). β-carotene has antioxidant activity may inhibit the formation of ROS.Objective : To prove the effect of multilevel doses β-carotene 1 mg/kg BW, 20 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW on alternate days within 30 days orally supplementation on blood glucose level and MDA level on Sprague Dawley male rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods : Thirty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: X1=Negative control/diabetic, X2 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 1 mg/kg BW), X3 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 10mg/kg BW), X4 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 20 mg/kg BW), X5 (technic control/non diabetic). β-Carotene supplementation was given by nasogastric tube on alternate days within thirty days. Blood glucose level was measured by GOD-PAP and MDA level by ELISA with TBARS methods. Data was analized using paired t-test, wilcoxon, one way anova and post hoc bonferroni. Results : there was a significant difference of blood glucose level (p = 0,0001) and MDA level (p = 0,0001) after suplementation β-carotene on alternate days within 30 days orally. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW was the most effective and efficient dose to lowering blood glucose, while 20 mg/kg BW to lowering MDA level. Conclusion : The multilevel doses β-carotene (1 mg/kg BW, 10 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW) on alternate days within 30 days orally supplementation can decrease blood glucose and MDA level. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW is the most effecetive and efficient to decrease blood glucose and β-carotene 20 mg/kg BW to decrease MDA level.
Introduction. Achievement of energy target in critically ill Covid-19 patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is challenging. This study was aimed to depict the possibility of achieving energy target and its determinants in critically ill Covid-19 patients. Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in ICU of dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Indonesia. Secondary data were obtained from Covid-19 patients who were in ICU for minimum 3 days, from March to December 2020. Data collected included age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), comorbidities, Modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score, energy intake, route of nutrition delivery (enteral or combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition), lactate status, ICU length of stay (LOS), duration of mechanical ventilator and mortality. Risk Prevalence calculations were conducted to measure risks. Variables with significant associations and p< 0.25 were included in multiple logistic regression. Results. A total of 188 subjects were included in the analysis. Most patients were male (62.8%) and obese (61.8%). As much as 56.9% patients were able to achieve energy target of 20 kcal/kgBW on day 3 of ICU stay. Those with low risk mNUTRIC score and nutrition delivery was through enteral and parenteral route were more likely to achieve target energy of 20 kcal/kgBW in the first 3 days in the ICU. Conclusions. Achieving energy target of 20 kcal on day 3 of ICU stay for critically ill Covid-19 patients is feasible. Low mNutric score and nutrition delivery through enteral and parenteral route were two determinants for the achievement.
Background : diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased total cholesterol and triglyceride, also well characterized by increased malondialdehyde production. β-carotene has antioxidant activity, glycemic and lipid control. Objective : to analyze the effect of β-carotene on total cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA on diabetic Rattus norvegicus sprague dawley. Methods : thirty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups : 1 (STZ), 2 (STZ+β-carotene 1 mg/kg BW), 3 (STZ+β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW), 4 (STZ+β-carotene 20 mg/kg BW), 5 (normal). Streptozotocin induced intraperitoneal 40 mg/kg BW. β-carotene was given by nasogastric tube on alternate days within thirty days. Blood glucose level was measured by GOD-PAP, total cholesterol by CHOD-PAP, triglyceride by GPO and MDA by ELISA with TBARS methods. Hypothesis test used one way anova then followed by post hoc bonferroni to analyze the efficient dose effect. Results : there was a significant difference of total cholesterol (p=0.002) after β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW supplementation on alternate days within 30 days orally. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW was the most efficient dose to lowering total cholesterol. There were significant differences of triglyceride (p=0.0001) and MDA (p=0.0001) after β-carotene 1, mg/kg BW, 10 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW supplementation on alternate days within 30 days orally. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW was the most efficient dose to lowering triglyceride, while 20 mg/kg BW to lowering MDA. Conclusion : β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW is the most efficient dose to lowering total cholesterol and triglyceride. β-carotene 20 mg/kg BW is the most efficient dose to lowering MDA.
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