Soil nutrient availability maps are needed to be used as a basis for managing fertilizer use, as well as soil acidity (pH) values. If the nutrient status of N, P, K and soil acidity is known, it is expected that the dosage of fertilization of each land can be done in accordance with thenutrient status. It can also reduce the cost of fertilization. This study aims to determine the factors of land affecting the distribution of nutrients N P K and soil pH. The research was conducted in Gugut Village, Rambipuji District, Jember from June to August 2016. The research was conducted by using free grid survey method with semi-detailed survey rate of 1: 25.000 scale. The distribution pattern of each nutrient status was analyzed by matrix method approach to find out the factors that most influence the distribution of nutrients N, P, K and pH.  From the result of research, map of nutrient distribution of N, P, K is almost similar to the result of geological map overlay, landform, land use and altitude. According to Wilding and Drees (1983), the diversity of nutrient status can be due to differences in lithology / parent material, climate, erosion, biological influences, and hydrology. The N, P, K soil availability map only meets 32.76% of the elevation map section. Therefore, the temporal nutrient status mapping can not be generated based on existing land map units so it is advisable to use the rigid grid method. While soil pH maps are almost similar to overlays between geological maps, landforms, land use and climate.

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INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE ON STRUCTURAL, ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO:Al THIN FILMS.Transparent and conductive aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering technique using targets composed of ZnO and aluminium. Polycrystalline ZnO:Al films were deposited onto a heated glass substrate. Surface morphology and crystalline structure as well as optical and electrical properties of the deposited films were found to depend directly on substrate temperature. From optical and electrical analysis it was observed that optical transmittance and conductivity of the ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxide films increased when the deposition temperature was raised from 200 to 400 o C. Films grown on substrates heated at 300 o C showed a high conductivity value of 0.2 x 10 2 Ω -1 cm -1 and a visible transmission of about 80%. The growth of ZnO:Al thin films on the surface of glass substrate at temperatures of 300 o C and aluminium doping levels of 0.9 at.% were the best to attain ZnO:Al films with optical and structural qualities as required for solar cell applications, as a window material in antireflection coatings or optical filters.

The research was conducted at Brawijaya University and West Nusa Tenggara, from

ELECTRON BEAM EXTRACTION ON PLASMA CATHODE ELECTRON SOURCES SYSTEM. The electron beam extraction through window of Plasma Generator Chamber (PGC) for Pulsed Electron Irradiator (PEI) device and simulation of plasma potential has been studied. Plasma electron beam is extracted to acceleration region for enlarging their power by the external accelerating high voltage (Vext) and then it is passed foil window of the PEI for being irradiated to any target (atmospheric pressure). Electron beam extraction from plasma surface must be able to overcome potential barrier at the extraction window region which is shown by estimate simulation (Opera program) based on data of plasma surface potential of 150 V with Ueks values are varied by 150 kV, 175 kV and 200 kV respectively. PGC is made of 304 stainless steel with cylindrical shape in 30 cm of diameter, 90 cm length, electrons extraction window as many as 975 holes on the area of (15 65) cm 2 with extraction hole cell in 0.3 mm of radius each other, an cylindrical shape IEP chamber is made of 304 stainless steel in 70 cm diameter and 30 cm length. The research result shown that the acquisition of electron beam extraction current depends on plasma parameters (electron density ne, temperature Te), accelerating high voltage Vext, the value of discharge parameter G, anode area Sa, electron extraction window area Se and extraction efficiency value .

PENGARUH NITRIDASI ION SUHU RENDAH PADA KETAHANAN AUS DAN KOROSI BIOMATERIAL STAINLESS STEEL AUSTENITIK 316L. Dalam penelitian ini telah selesai dilakukan proses nitridasi ion dan karakterisasi cuplikan SS 316L. Proses nitridasi ion telah dilakukan pada cuplikan untuk variasi suhu nitridasi 350, 400, 450, 500, dan 550 oC, pada tekanan gas nitrogen optimum 1,8 mbar dan waktu nitridasi optimum 3 jam. Struktur-mikro, komposisi unsur dan struktur fase lapisan nitrida yang terbentuk pada permukaan cuplikan diamati menggunakan teknik SEM-EDAX dan XRD, dan diketahui bahwa lapisan tipis nitrida besi telah terbentuk pada permukaan cuplikan. Lapisan nitrida besi tersebut mempunyai struktur fase antara lain -Fe2-3N, ’-Fe4N, CrN, Cr2N dan austenit terekspansi N yang mempunyai sifat-sifat istimewa. Hasil karakterisasi ketahanan aus cuplikan SS 316L menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan ketahanan aus sekitar 2,6 kali cuplikan standar pada suhu nitridasi 350 oC, dan dari uji korosi dengan larutan Hanks diperoleh laju korosi optimum 29,87 mpy atau ketahanan korosinya meningkat sekitar 137%. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa dengan menggunakan teknik nitridasi ion telah terbentuk lapisan nitrida besi pada permukaan cuplikan SS 316L, dan mereka mempunyai sifat ketahanan aus dan ketahanan korosi sangat baik. Sifat kekerasan yang tinggi dan mempunyai ketahanan korosi yang baik tersebut, terutama disebabkan terbentuknya nitrida besi dan fase austenit terekspansi N pada proses nitridasi suhu rendah.

penelitian adalah untuk menginventarisasi jenis pakan, konsumsi pakan dan produktivitas kambing PE ditingkat peternak. Penelitian ini melibatkan peternak kambing PE sebagai responden sebanyak 91 orang, berdasarkan kriteria jumlah kepemilikan ternak kambing >3 ekor, pengalaman beternak > 5 tahun. Pemilihan responden melibatkan peran kelompok tani yaitu Gapoktan Arjuna Sejahtera. Metode penelitian adalah studi kasus. Pengamatan in vivo dilakukan pada 20 ekor kambing PE jantan muda dengan rataan bobot awal 16,71±1,76 kg. Data dianalisis melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, tabulasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil inventarisasi didapatkan 27 jenis hijauan pakan ternak kambing, terdiri dari 22 macam daun tanaman dan 5 macam hijauan rumput (81,48% daun tanaman : 18,52% hijauan rumput). Pakan hijauan yang sering diberikan pada ternak kambing adalah rumput lapang, pucuk tebu, daun sengon, daun pahitan dan rumput gajah (responden pengguna >40%). Rataan konsumsi hijauan pakan 7,06 kg/ekor/hari dengan konsumsi bahan kering 526,07±88,15 g/ekor/hari, konsumsi bahan organik 511,89±80,32 g/ekor/hari, konsumsi protein kasar 61,58±16,21 g/ekor/hari, konsumsi serat kasar 101,18±29,68 g/ekor/hari dan konsumsi lemak kasar 17,50±13,75 g/ekor/hari. Pertambahan bobot badan harian 65,9±11,7 g/ekor/hari, konversi pakan 7,53±2,85. Terdapat 13 jenis daun tanaman yang memiliki kandungan protein kasar (PK) lebih dari 18% yaitu Paracerianthes falcataria, Calliandra calothyrsus, Lecaena leucocephala, Artrocarpus heterophyllus Lamk, Calliandra haemochephala, Gliricidia sepium, Colocasia esculenta, Eritrina lithosperma, Sauropus adrogynus, Agratum conyzoides, Ceiba petandra, Manihot utilissima, Centrosema pubescens merupakan pakan potensial sebagai sumber protein untuk pakan ternak kambing PE.