ELECTRON BEAM EXTRACTION ON PLASMA CATHODE ELECTRON SOURCES SYSTEM. The electron beam extraction through window of Plasma Generator Chamber (PGC) for Pulsed Electron Irradiator (PEI) device and simulation of plasma potential has been studied. Plasma electron beam is extracted to acceleration region for enlarging their power by the external accelerating high voltage (Vext) and then it is passed foil window of the PEI for being irradiated to any target (atmospheric pressure). Electron beam extraction from plasma surface must be able to overcome potential barrier at the extraction window region which is shown by estimate simulation (Opera program) based on data of plasma surface potential of 150 V with Ueks values are varied by 150 kV, 175 kV and 200 kV respectively. PGC is made of 304 stainless steel with cylindrical shape in 30 cm of diameter, 90 cm length, electrons extraction window as many as 975 holes on the area of (15 65) cm 2 with extraction hole cell in 0.3 mm of radius each other, an cylindrical shape IEP chamber is made of 304 stainless steel in 70 cm diameter and 30 cm length. The research result shown that the acquisition of electron beam extraction current depends on plasma parameters (electron density ne, temperature Te), accelerating high voltage Vext, the value of discharge parameter G, anode area Sa, electron extraction window area Se and extraction efficiency value .
Plasma parameters in Plasma Cathode Electron Source Device (PCESD) are very important things because they will determine the eficiency of its electron extraction. Square pulse mode of PCESD’s arc discharge plasma current can be obtained by using Pulse Forming Network (PFN) circuits which is called Arc Discharge Power Supply (ADPS). The square pulse mode is necessity to simplify in electron irradiation dose calculation. ADPS is connected with Hollow Anode Chamber (HAC) which is placed inside of PCESD to produce arc discharge plasma. The value of arc discharge plasma current is the main key to determine plasma parameters that can be measured by using Rogowski coil. The value of the arc discharge plasma current is IADPS = 206.30 A with pulse width = 80 μs. Whereas the plasma parameters values inside of the HAC are: the electron plasma density ne = (16.85 1019) m-3, electron plasma temperature Te = 2.609 eV, electron plasma frequency fe = 116.74 GHz, and Debye length λD = 9.958 µm respectively.
The nitrogen ion implantation can be used to improve surface mechanical properties and corrosion resistance behavior of AISI 316L stainless steels by modifying the near-surface layers of these materials. In this study, an AISI 316L stainless steel plate was implanted with the optimum ion dose of 5 1016 ion/cm2 for ion energy variation of 60, 80 and 100 keV. Microhardness was measured by Vickers method, and the results of measurements clearly indicate an enhancement hardness behavior for nitrogen implanted layer. It is found that the implanted layer hardness was increased by a factor of 1.3 in comparison to that of the unimplanted samples. The increased hardness resulting from nitrogen ion implantation was attributed to the formation of an iron nitride phase. Microstructure, chemical composition and surface morphology studied using the technique of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Analysis of SEM-EDX micrographs and XRD diffraction patterns indicate that the nitrogen implanted layer is composed of a metastable single phase which has properties very hard, good corrosion resistance behavior and wear resistance surface layers of stainless steel components. Effects of nitrogen ion implantation on the corrosion properties of AISI 316L stainless steels was evaluated using potentiostat PGS 201T. Corrosion properties of test results showed that there was a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance in the case of nitrogen implanted samples.
ABSTRAK ANALISIS UJI FUNGSI SISTEM ELEKTRODE IGNITOR UNTUK SUMBER ELEKTRON KATODE PLASMA. Sistem elektrode sumber elektron katode plasma adalah suatu sistem yang berfungsi untuk menghasilkan plasma pulsa di dalam bejana generator plasma secara terkendali. Sistem elektrode terdiri dari sistem elektrode ignitor yang menginisiasi lucutan plasma dan sistem elektrode pembentuk plasma. Sistem elektrode ignitor yang dirancang tersusun dari bahan kuningan dan di depannya diberi penyambung dari bahan magnesium, bahan isolator terbuat dari teflon karena mempunyai nilai resitivitas elektrik yang tinggi (>1018 Ω cm), dan anode dibuat dari bahan SS 304 non magnetik. Bahan magnesium digunakan sebagai katode, karena magnesium mempunyai sifat fisis laju erosi paling rendah (11,7 μg/C) dan energi kohesif yang rendah sekitar 1,51 eV/atom. Dengan demikian semakin besar arus menuju katode akan semakin besar pula lucutan spot plasma yang dihasilkan. Hasil uji fungsi sistem elektrode ignitor diperoleh arus spot plasma 10,58 A dengan lebar pulsa 39 μs. Spesifikasi katode yang digunakan pada sistem elektrode ignitor berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 6 mm dan panjang 20 mm. Untuk frekuensi pengulangan spot plasma 10 Hz, katode akan tererosi dan berkurang sepanjang 17,64 μm, sedangkan untuk katode tererosi membentuk kerucut, maka katode akan berkurang sepanjang 26,46 μm untuk waktu pengujian sumber elektron katode plasma selama 5 jam. Bentuk erosi dari katode dipengaruhi oleh arus spot plasma, lebar pulsa serta kevakuman bejana plasma.
ABSTRAK PENGARUH DOSIS ION NITROGEN PADA KETAHANAN KOROSI, STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN STRUKTUR FASE BIOMATERIAL STAINLESS STEEL AUSTENITIK 316L. Keberhasilan pemanfaatan biomaterial untuk piranti cangkok ortopedik ditentukan oleh sifat-sifat mekanik, stabilitas kimia dan biokompatibilitas dalam jaringan dan cairan tubuh. Ketahanan korosi adalah salah satu sifat utama biomaterial untuk menentukan keberhasilan cangkok ortopedik dalam jaringan tubuh. Terlepasnya partikel-partikel dari piranti cangkok ortopedik berbahan metal ke sekitar sel atau jaringan dapat mengakibatkan peradangan, reaksi alergi, toksisitas dan karsinogen. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perbaikan sifat-sifat permukaan biomaterial stainless steel austenitik 316L dengan teknik implantasi ion nitrogen dan nitridasi ion. Implantasi ion nitrogen dilakukan pada energi ion 60 keV dengan variasi dosis ion 2 ´ 1016 ion/cm2, 5 ´ 1016 ion/cm2, 1 ´ 1017 ion/cm2 dan 2 ´ 1017 ion/cm2. Ketahanan korosi cuplikan stainless steel austenitik 316L dalam larutan Hanks dilakukan dengan menggunakan potensiostat PGS-201T, dan ketahanan korosi optimum cuplikan diperoleh pada dosis ion 5 ´ 1016 ion/cm2 dan terjadi peningkatan ketahanan korosi dengan faktor 2,1 jika dibandingkan dengan cuplikan tanpa implantasi ion nitrogen. Peningkatan ketahanan korosi cuplikan tersebut karena terbentuknya nitrida besi x-Fe2N dan e-Fe3N pada permukaan cuplikan. Selanjutnya cuplikan stainless steel austentik 316L dengan ketahanan korosi optimum tersebut dinitridasi ion pada suhu nitrodasi 350 ºC dan waktu nitridasi 4 jam. Berdasarkan uji korosi cuplikan yang dihasilkan dengan nitridasi ion diperoleh peningkatan ketahanan korosi dengan faktor 2,96 jika dibandingkan dengan cuplikan sebelum implantasi ion. Peningkatan ketahanan korosi cuplikan tersebut diakibatkan karena terbentuknya nitrida besi x-Fe2N dan g¢-Fe4N yang memiliki sifat ketahanan korosi yang baik.
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