Sekam padi merupakan biomassa yang melimpah di Indonesia, salah satunya di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Provinsi ini merupakan salah satu Provinsi penghasil beras terbesar di luar Pulau Jawa. Pada tahun 2019 Provinsi Sumatera Barat menghasilkan padi sebesar 1.482.996 ton-GKG. Sekam padi merupakan hasil sampingan dari penggilingan padi menjadi beras. Produksi sekam padi pada tahun 2019 di provinsi Sumatera Barat adalah sebesar 370.749 ton, sekitar 25%-nya dari produksi padi. Potensi energi sekam padi di Provinsi Sumatra Barat pada tahun 2019 dengan nilai kalor 13,44 MJ/kg adalah sebesar 4.982.866.594 MJ. Sekam padi sebagai bahan bakar PLTBm mempunyai manfaat mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap sumber energi fosil dan memanfaatkan limbah proses penggilingan padi. Teknologi PLTBm dengan menggunakan alat konversi energi biomassa secara thermal dapat berupa Gasifikasi, pembakaran dan pirolisis. Perhitungan kapasitas terpasang PLTBm diasumsikan menggunakan gasifikasi dengan teknologi pembangkit mesin diesel. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan kapasitas terpasang PLTBm Provinsi Sumatra Barat adalah sebesar 58,7 MW. Energi listrik gross yang diproduksi PLTBm Provinsi Sumatra Barat adalah sebesar 465.068 MWh. Setelah dikurangi Auxiliary power/house load PLTBm, produksi energi listrik net yang dijual atau dimanfaatkan adalah sebesar 444.140 MWh. Dengan dipasangnya PLTBm maka akan menghasilkan penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam satu tahun sekitar 479.902 ton- CO2 ekivalen.
The potential of water in Indonesia to generate electrical energy is quite large. This water potential is very suitable for generating small-scale energy. Water is sent through the penstock to drive the turbine. The turbine is coupled with a generator to produce electrical energy. The turbines used vary widely. For this research, the Kaplan turbine is used. The Kaplan turbine was chosen because of the low head required, which is suitable for conditions in Indonesia. The diameter of the Kaplan turbine tested was 25 cm. It is equipped with a guide vane arrangement. To obtain the Kaplan turbine output, the turbine is coupled to a generator. The test refers to the IEC standard. The turbine is operated at a constant speed and the generator voltage is fixed and the discharge varies. The results showed that the larger the guide vane opening, the higher the flow rate; the greater the flow rate of the resulting power, the greater. Efficiency for guide vane 30 openings occurs at 6.65m head and 0.065m 3 /sec volumetric flowrate with efficiency 50,13%. The highest efficiency is obtained for the guide vane 40 opening, which is 57.14% at 4.15 head and 0.074m3/sec flow rate.
Penetapan peraturan ESDM Nomor 49 Tahun 2018 telah mengeluarkan peraturan terkait instalasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS), serta program pemerintah gerakan nasional sejuta surya atap, telah membuka peluang kerja bagi generasi muda yang belum memiliki pekerjaan. Akan tetapi untuk terlibat dalam program nasional tersebut harus memiliki kompetensi instalasi PLTS. Kabupaten Bandung Barat saat ini memiliki tingkat pengangguran yang cukup tinggi dengan jumlah pengangguran mencapai 65.000 orang. Desa Ciwaruga sebagai salah satu desa yang menjadi penyumbang jumlah pengangguran. Melalui koordinasi Remaja Masjid Jamie Babussalam dilakukan kegiatan yang bertujuan meningkatkan kompetensi agar menambah daya saing dalam mencari pekerjaan. Terkait prospek bisnis PLTS atap, maka sangat tepat jika pada kelompok remaja masjid tersebut diberikan pelatihan melalui kegiatan tentang instalasi PLTS. Metode kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan dan pembinaan Listrik Rumah Tangga Tenaga Surya (LRTS). Hasil kegiatan berupakan peningkatan skill dan pengetahuan LRTS, sertifikat serta rencana kerjasama selanjutnya dari Desa Ciwaruga dengan Tim PKM.
Concerns about the availability of fuel oil reserves and air pollution have encouraged innovation to use of alternative fuels in diesel engines. Single fuel Diesel engines modified with a dual fuel, which is a mixture of diesel and gas. The problem of using mixed fuels is that the flashpoint of natural gas must meet the ignition requirements on diesel engines. The consumption of gas fuel in diesel engines, by the load, can continue to work using dual fuel. In this research, the gas fuel supply to control pattern used of dual-fuel with adjusted to the diesel engine load. The lookup table control method, one of the branches of expert system control, apply to change the valve opening of the gas valve. The efficiency of the control results being slightly lower than if manually controlled but still higher than if the fuel only uses diesel fuel.
Electrical load in industrial sector is mainly inductive that requires large amount of reactive power supply. Large reactive power consumption may give problems to electrical power supply and distribution system such as lower power factor, higher power loss for both electrical power distribution system and all electrical power devices connected in it, and higher voltage drop in electrical power distribution system. Therefore, a measure known as reactive power compensation (VAR compensation) by connecting power capacitor as reactive power source need to be taken. However, VAR compensation measure may give other problems to the electrical power supply and distribution system. This paper describes effects of using capacitor for VAR compensation to the quality of electrical power supply and distribution system based on simulation run with Matlab Simulink software. Three different kinds of VAR compensation method are analysed i.e., connecting a small capacitor for each inductive load, connecting a large capacitor at the electrical power supply side in which its reactive power flow is controlled by SVC (static VAR compensator) method and connecting a large capacitor at the electrical power supply side in which its reactive power flow is controlled by TSC (thyristor switched capacitor) method. Analysis results show that all the three VAR compensation methods successfully improve or increase power factor of the electrical power supply and distribution system close to unity. However, both the SVC and TSC VAR compensation methods increase harmonic content of voltage and current of the electrical power supply and distribution system as indicated by its high total harmonic distortion (THD) value. On contrary, the VAR compensation method by connecting a small capacitor for each inductive load brings no effect on increasing of harmonic content of voltage and current of the electrical power supply and distribution system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.