Abstract. The demands for alternative sources of energy are currently growing because people now are more aware of the many negative impacts fossil fuel gives to the environment. Plant based renewable energy provides potential sources of energy with advantages of cleaner fuel effect and capability of integration with food crop production. Sorghum have been considered to be a highly potential source of food, feed and fuel, especially sweet stalk sorghum that posses both functions as source of food from its grain and fuel made from its stalk juice. Sorghum varieties are well known to have excellent adaptability in marginal areas, especially drought prone areas where other food crops are unable to thrive. The current paper aimed to share ongoing research on many functional uses of sweet stalk sorghum varieties released at Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). Among many varieties that had been released were two sweet stalk sorghum varieties SUPER-1 and SUPER-2 released in 2013 that stands out in biomass yield and bioethanol production. Based on various researches conducted at different location and planting season, yield potential of biomass ranged at 30 -40 t/ha with higher yield occurred during dry season. Stalk juice sugar content in brix were found to be higher in dry season ranged at 13.6 % to 18.4 %, and the amount of juice stalk was obtained at about 30-50 % from total biomass yield. Furthermore, bioethanol production from stalk juice after fermentation was at the range of 8 to 10 % from total stalk juice volume. Modification of processing equipment of bioethanol have also been carried out and was able to increased the concentration of ethanol being distilled from 85% -92% to 90% -95%. Another result obtained was able to decreased fermentation time from 14-21 days to 6-10 days. Furthermore, the yield of ethanol from juice was also from an average of 4.95% to 6.75%.
This paper presents UKARA, a fast and simple automatic short-answer scoring system for Bahasa Indonesia. Automatic short-answer scoring holds an important role in speeding up automatic assessment process. Although this area has been widely explored, only very limited number of previous work have studied Bahasa Indonesia. One of the major challenges in this field is the different type of questions which require different assessments. We are addressing this problem by implementing a combination of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and supervised machine learning techniques. Our system works by training a classifier model on human-labeled data. Using three different types of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) student responses, our system successfully produced the F1-score above 97% and 70% on dichotomous and polytomous scoring types respectively. Moreover, UKARA provides a user-friendly interface which is simple and easy to use. UKARA offers a flexibility for human grader to do re-scoring and retraining the model until the optimal performance is obtained.
Instant messaging services usually integrate a notification system on their users’ devices, as phone calls and short message service (SMS) systems do. Telegram is – as far as we are aware – the only popular instant messaging service that uses open source code. Telegram also provides APIs for their users, enabling the development of a bot system that allows instant messaging application to access information. Here, we study the potential use of Telegram bot as a user interface to a paperless office (PLO) system developed in our institution. We found that Telegram bot improves communication among the users; however, as the amount of messages increased, the server becomes overloaded. This limitation suggests that future works need to be directed to improving the efficiency of the bot
Increasing of oil palm estate crop ultimately increase of EFB as waste product of oil palm industry. It is the greatest component of freshly fruit bunch of oil palm crop yield. There is 230-250 kg EFB in 1000 kg of freshly fruit bunch.The former research result reported EFB containing 41. 3-45% cellulose, 25.3-33.8% hemicellulose, and 27.6-32.5% lignin [2]-[4]. Significantly high of lignocellulose content of the EFB is degradable into simple compound i.e. sugar as material source of ethanol production due to fermentation process.Pretreatment on the lignocellulose of EFB is key in order to reduces of lignin and hemicellulose before production process into bioethanol [3]- [5]. Reducing hemicellulose also increasing of pores size of biomass [6]. Hydrolysis of lignocellulose able to carried out with acid or alkaline solution and then steaming under high temperature and pressure [4], [7] and [8].The comparative advantages of utilization lignocellulose from EFB i.e.: i) not interfere of food supply and ii) able to overcome of environmental problem in order to create zero waste and sustainable industry.This research will develop the saccharification technique of the EFB fibres via enzymatic process to produce fermentable sugar in bioethanol production. The aim of this study i.e.: i) to improve the yield of sugars production via chemical (NaOH or H2SO4) and physical (using autoclave or microwave) pretreatments of the EFB, ii) to improve the yield of fermentable sugars production using cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, and iii) to produce bioethanol from hydrolysate of EFB. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Raw Materials Preparation and CharacterizationEmpty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres of oil palm was supplied by an palm oil industry of PTP Nusantara VIII at Malingping, Banten, West Java. Wet fibres of EFB was dried in suny days and followed in the oven 50 o C for acceleration of drying process. Dried fibres of EFB were chop into very small size of 1.0-1.5 cm length. These fibre pieces was grind and poured into 50-80 mesh of siever. These flour like materials were resulted via sieving process were ready to use for conversion processing into the end product (bioethanol).These flour materials of EFB were analyzed using AOAC method [9] for determination of water and fibres content. IndexTerms-Bioethanol, chemicall and pysicall pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fruit bunch-palm oil.
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