Hydrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) by Chemical, Physical, and Enzymatic Methods for Bioethanol Production

Abstract

Increasing of oil palm estate crop ultimately increase of EFB as waste product of oil palm industry. It is the greatest component of freshly fruit bunch of oil palm crop yield. There is 230-250 kg EFB in 1000 kg of freshly fruit bunch.The former research result reported EFB containing 41. 3-45% cellulose, 25.3-33.8% hemicellulose, and 27.6-32.5% lignin [2]-[4]. Significantly high of lignocellulose content of the EFB is degradable into simple compound i.e. sugar as material source of ethanol production due to fermentation process.Pretreatment on the lignocellulose of EFB is key in order to reduces of lignin and hemicellulose before production process into bioethanol [3]- [5]. Reducing hemicellulose also increasing of pores size of biomass [6]. Hydrolysis of lignocellulose able to carried out with acid or alkaline solution and then steaming under high temperature and pressure [4], [7] and [8].The comparative advantages of utilization lignocellulose from EFB i.e.: i) not interfere of food supply and ii) able to overcome of environmental problem in order to create zero waste and sustainable industry.This research will develop the saccharification technique of the EFB fibres via enzymatic process to produce fermentable sugar in bioethanol production. The aim of this study i.e.: i) to improve the yield of sugars production via chemical (NaOH or H2SO4) and physical (using autoclave or microwave) pretreatments of the EFB, ii) to improve the yield of fermentable sugars production using cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, and iii) to produce bioethanol from hydrolysate of EFB. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Raw Materials Preparation and CharacterizationEmpty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres of oil palm was supplied by an palm oil industry of PTP Nusantara VIII at Malingping, Banten, West Java. Wet fibres of EFB was dried in suny days and followed in the oven 50 o C for acceleration of drying process. Dried fibres of EFB were chop into very small size of 1.0-1.5 cm length. These fibre pieces was grind and poured into 50-80 mesh of siever. These flour like materials were resulted via sieving process were ready to use for conversion processing into the end product (bioethanol).These flour materials of EFB were analyzed using AOAC method [9] for determination of water and fibres content. IndexTerms-Bioethanol, chemicall and pysicall pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fruit bunch-palm oil.

Bioethanol From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB): a Review Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

“…Previous research has been conducted by Richana et al (Richana, Winarti, Hidayat, & Prastowo, 2015) production of bioethanol from OPEFB waste through delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The method used is OPEFB delignification using a solution of H2SO4 and NaOH.…”

Bioethanol production from paper sludge containing antiseptic and deinking agent by subcritical water pretreatment and semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

“…Subsequently, the slurry was cooled to room temperature using a heat exchanger (10). The pretreated PS slurry was collected in a solid-liquid separator (11), which consisted of a cylindrical stainless-steel container having an inner diameter and depth of 136 and 350 mm, respectively. An aqueous solution was passed through a filter (12), its pressure was reduced to atmospheric pressure using a backpressure regulator (13), and the aqueous solution was collected in a vapor-liquid separator (14), which consisted of an acrylic cylindrical container having an internal volume of 10 L. The reaction temperature was defined as the temperature of the molten salt bath measured using a K-type thermocouple, and the reaction pressure was defined as the pressure measured using a pressure gauge (P) before the reactor.…”

“…As lignocellulosic wastes contain more than 40 % cellulose, their conversion to bioethanol is achieved through pretreatment processes to either destroy or separate lignin-covering cellulose structure. However, lignin removal requires toxic and corrosive strong alkaline solutions [1,11] or strong acids [6,12,13] along with a large amount of energy. Additionally, such treatments are associated with an increased production of enzyme inhibitors such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, acetic acid, and ashes [14,15], which suppress cellulose saccharification by cellulase and glucose fermentation by yeast.…”

Photodegradation of Lignin by TiO2-Ilmenite for Natural Pesticide Material

“…MUHAMMAD NATSIR 1 , MUHAMMAD AKIB TUWO 2 , NASRUDDIN SUYUTI 3 , HARAFIN HAFID 4 , ANSHARULLAH ANSHARULLAH 5 , LA ODE SUTRIZAL 1 , MAULIDIYAH MAULIDIYAH 1 and MUHAMMAD NURDIN 1,* [11,12]. The complex chemical structure makes lignin difficult to degrade.…”