Ibuprofen is a poorly water-soluble drug with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulation is a solution to improve the solubility and bioavailability of ibuprofen. This research purposed to perform a formulation, characterization, and stability studies of ibuprofen-loaded Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Screening of ibuprofen SNEDDS was prepared by ternary diagrams for the chosen co-surfactants, surfactants, and oil. The following was characterizations of droplet size, zeta potential, and clarity. The solubility test for the determination of cosurfactant, surfactant, and oil obtained Propylene glycol monocaprylate (Capryol-90), Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20) and PEG 400. The screening of SNEDDS showed nine formulas (compositions) in the range concentration of Propylene glycol monocaprylate (1-3mL), Polysorbate 20 (4-8mL), and PEG 400 (1-3mL). The composition of Propylene glycol monocaprylate (1-2mL), Polysorbate 20 (5-8mL) and PEG 400 (1-3mL) passed the thermodynamic stability test. The test of robustness to dilution and stability study indicated that the formula with Propylene glycol monocaprylate, Polysorbate 20 and PEG 400 with the ratio of 1: 8: 1 and 1: 7: 2 was more stable. In conclusion, the stable ibuprofen SNEDDS could be prepared with Propylene glycol monocaprylate, Polysorbate 20, and PEG 400.
Background: SNEDDS was chosen because of the ability to increase the absorption of drugs with low water solubility such as active substances derived from plant extraction. Objectives: This study aimed to create an innovative dosage by utilizing new drug delivery systems in the form of SNEDDS (Self Nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery System) using the active substances of papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya L.) that is efficacious as an anti-inflammatory. Methods: SNEDDS of Papaya (Carica papaya extract L.) was prepared through the high-energy method. Dried papaya leaves were macerated using 96% ethanol, and the extract was then evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain viscous extract. Four formulations of SNEDDS were produced with isopropyl myristate as the oil phase, PEG 400 as the surfactant, and tween 80 as the co-surfactant. The evaluation included particle size, % transmittance, and freeze-thaw cycles. In vivo SNEDDS antiinflammatory activity was tested in balb-c mice induced with 1% acetic acid and then compared with mefenamic acid (NSAIDs). Results: The test results showed that all of the formulations had a particle size of <200nm and >90% transmittance. The SNEDDS anti-inflammatory activity test in vivo indicated that the percent inhibition of pain in SNEDDS of papaya leaf extract reached 94.55%.
Conclusion:The SNEDDS formula of papaya leaf extract marked by F4 could fulfill the criteria of good stability parameters with the smallest particle size of 77.1 nm. The percent of pain inhibition of SNEDDS papaya leaf extract in balb-c mice induced by acetic acid was 94.55%.
Critical care patients have a high demand of central nervous system (CNS) drugs for treating both primary disease as well as secondary complication [1]. Mechanical ventilation, intubation, suction and other interventions in intensive care unit often cause pain and tension that need analgesics as well as sedatives [2]. Additionally, alternative CNS agents are also utilized amongst critical care patients to treat anxiety, seizure, psychotic problems and surgery [1, 2]. The administration of sedation as well as analgesia has been proven to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the intensive care unit [3]. The one novel approved analgesic injection is acetaminophen, which effectively reduces non-infectious fever, but has lower potency as an analgesic. Therefore, acetaminophen is mostly used in combination with other central analgesics. The use of a combination of medicines is unavoidable in a critical condition. Since the patients often have limited venous access to deliver all of the intravenous medications, the use of a single lumen catheter for some concurrent medications is com
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