Artikel ini menganalisis kebijakan pendidikan di Indonesia. Sistem pendidikan nasional harus mampu menjamin pemerataan kesempatanpendidikan, peningkatan mutu serta relevansi dan efisiensi manajemen pendidikan untukmenghadapi tantangan sesuai dengan tuntutan perubahan kehidupan lokal, nasional, danglobal sehingga perlu dilakukan pembaharuan pendidikan secara terencana, terarah, danberkesinambungan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis media dan studiliteratur.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer yang berupa observasi atas fenomena yang terjadi dan data sekunder berupa dokumentasi yang valid.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan sistem pendidikan nasional yang baik dan mencerahkan bagi peserta didik tidak denganmeliberalkan sistem pendidikan, tetapimembangun pemikiran bahwa tidak selalu pemerintah, orang tua dan guru lebih tahu yang terbaik bagi peserta didik. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, serta Kementerian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi perlu melakukanreformasisecara komprehensifterkaitdenganpelaksanaansistem pendidikannasionaldengancarayangefisien,transparan,dan akuntabel. Pendidikan harus mendapatkanperhatian yang serius bagi setiap bangsa,karena dengan pendidikan akan dapatdilihat maju mundurnya suatu bangsa.Tentu saja bangsa Indonesia tidak ingin hidup terbelakang akibat aspek pendidikantidak mendapat porsi yang cukup dengan beriringnya berbagai kemajuan di bidanglain. Sehingga penting suatu perekayasaan sistem pendidikan nasional untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa.Kata kunci: Perekayasaan, Kehidupan Bangsa, Mencerdaskan, Sistem Pendidikan Nasional

Background and Aim: Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq (benalu duku) is a parasitic herb that commonly grows on the host plant Lansium domesticum. Researchers have found that the plant contains anticancer compounds and may contain phytoandrogens, including progesterone-like compounds, in its crude methanol extract. The objective of the current study was to investigate the compound of phyto progesterone in benalu duku leaves after extracted by methanol and prepared using an analytical column of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and Methods: About 400 g of benalu duku leaves were pulverized, and their compounds were isolated by the isocratic method using an RP-18 analytical column (5 μm) with a mobile phase of 70:30 (methanol: water) in a photodiode array detector adjusted to 254 nm. The phyto progesterone compound was identified at a retention time of approximately 6.01 min. Results: By LC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry focusing on molecular fractions, the fingerprint area of the Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, cm−1) and Hnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the phyto progesterone product isolated was identical to the certified reference material of pure progesterone, particularly the specific functional groups in the FT-IR spectrum at wavenumbers of 1317.43 cm−1 and 1386.86 cm−1 and in the proton HNMR spectrum at carbon 21 of progesterone (p<0.05). Conclusion: Each 49.888 μg/mL of crude benalu duku leaf extract dissolved in the mobile phase contained 28.515±0.713 μg/mL phyto progesterone.

Aim:The objective of the current study is to determine the concentration of aflatoxin B1 using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) detector.Materials and Methods:Aflatoxin B1 certified reference grade from Trilogy Analytical Laboratory dissolved acetonitrile (ACN) at 10 µg/mL was using standard assessment. HPLC instruments such as ultraviolet-PDA detector used a Shimadzu LC-6AD pump with DGU-20A5 degasser, communication module-20A, and PDA detector SPD-M20A with FRC-10A fraction collector. The HPLC was set isocratic method at 354 nm with a reverse-phase ODS C18 column (LiChrospher® 100 RP-18; diameter, 5 µm) under a 20°C controlled column chamber. Rheodyne® sample loops were performed in 20 µL capacities. The mobile phase was performed at fraction 63:26:11 H2O: methanol:ACN at pH 6.8. A total of 1 kg of feed contained 10% bread crumbs and 30% concentrated, 40% forage, and 20% soybean dregs were using commercials samples. Samples were extracted by ACN and separated with solid phase extraction ODS 1 mL than elution with mobile phase to collect at drying samples performed. The samples were ready to use after added 1 mL mobile phase than injected into the system of HPLC.Results:We found that the retention time of aflatoxin B1 was approximately 10.858 min. Linearity of 0.01-0.08 µg/mL aflatoxin B1 dissolved in mobile phase was obtained at R2=0.9. These results demonstrate that these methods can be used to analyze aflatoxin B1 and gain 89-99% recovery. The limit of detection of this assay was obtained at 3.5 × 10−6 µg/mL.Conclusion:This method was easy to apply and suitable to analyzing at small concentrations of aflatoxin B1 in formulated product of feed cattle.

Background and Aim:Clenbuterol as a β2-agonist drug was investigated according to the concentration of the drug available in the bodies of goats and according to the level of sensitivity of the instruments used for detection. The objective of the current study was to determine withdrawal times after giving a therapeutic dose that resulted in safe slaughters.Materials and Methods:Five healthy male goats with a mean body weight of 20.64 kg were treated with a single dose of 5.10−3 mg/kg in the BW onto jugular vein. Whole blood samples of approximately 5 mL were taken in a time series at 5, 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, 270, 390, 510, 630, and 750 min. At 24 h posttreatment, all subjects were sacrificed, and 300 g samples of the liver were obtained. The plasma concentration and liver residue of the drug were observed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.Results:The drug reached a maximum concentration of 19.233±0.331 µg/mL at 5 min, and the elimination half-life was at 173.25 min. The limit detection was obtained at 0.053 µg/mL. A one-way analysis of variance between all goats showed that elimination of the clenbuterol in their bodies was similar (p=1.00), with a withdrawal time of 1,479.326 min and no residues in the liver (p<0.05).Conclusion:Safe times for slaughter were determined to be at 2 days, 13 h, and 12 min as the 2nd safety factor (SF) time and 3 days, 1 h, and 58 min as the 3rd SF time with the liver organ free from residue.elimination half-life, new method for calculating withdrawal time, prescriptions for obtained β2-agonist, residues in liver.

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Infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis is still a common problem in many hospitals. Factor determining biofilm formation makes it harder for atibiotics to cure the infection. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), a well known traditional medicine plant, is a potential candidate as a drug againts infectious disease. The purpose of this research is to investigate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx againts the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Assessment for antibacterial effect is performed using broth diffusion method. The extract is made by maceration of the calyx of Roselle in 96% ethanol. Extracts with concentration of 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, 7.81, 3.90, 1.95, 0.97, 0.48, 0.24 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, 7.81, 3.90, 1.95, 0.97, 0.48, 0.24

Ractopamine hydrochloride often used as a bronchodilator, but its β-adrenergic agonist effects on un-striated muscle and its withdrawal time have not been assessed for Etawah goats and sheep. The aim of this study was to determine the safe time to slaughter goats and sheep post-treatment with ractopamine. Five clinically healthy adult goats and sheep (20 kg body weight) were treated with a single dose of ractopamine (1 mg, intravenously). Whole blood was sampled from the jugular vein at 120 min, 180 min and 300 min post-treatment. Ractopamine as a veterinary drug was analysed using HPLC at wavelength 225 nm.

This study aims to determine the relationship between length of illness and quality of life of people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is an analytical description study with a cross-sectional research approach using a questionnaire with telephone interview techniques. The questionnaire in this study was based on several guidelines and previous research. Measurements using PedsQl 3.2 Diabetes Module. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire consisting of 33 question items. The data was collected during October 2020. A total of 33 questionnaires were successfully distributed to patients at the Children's Clinic of Dr. RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya who participated in this research. The data were then analyzed by non-parametric test using the Spearman correlation test method using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Based on the quality of life assessment using the PedsQL questionnaire, 17 respondents (51.6%) had a near-poor quality of life, and 16 respondents had a near-good quality of life. The most disturbed domain is related to worry, which is as many as 20 respondents (60.7%). Meanwhile, the proportion of respondents with the highest quality approaching good was found in treatment I as many as 19 respondents (57.6%). There was also a positive and significant correlation between related to the disease, P Value 0.007 < 0.05, related to treatment I, P Value 0.011 <0.05, related to anxiety, P value 0.009 < 0.05, and related to communication, P Value of 0.016 < 0.05. In addition, there was also a significant negative relationship with regard to treatment II, P Value 0.000 < 0.05.