Calculate of withdrawal times of clenbuterol in goats to obtain safe times of slaughter

Abstract

Background and Aim:Clenbuterol as a β2-agonist drug was investigated according to the concentration of the drug available in the bodies of goats and according to the level of sensitivity of the instruments used for detection. The objective of the current study was to determine withdrawal times after giving a therapeutic dose that resulted in safe slaughters.Materials and Methods:Five healthy male goats with a mean body weight of 20.64 kg were treated with a single dose of 5.10−3 mg/kg in the BW onto jugular vein. Whole blood samples of approximately 5 mL were taken in a time series at 5, 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, 270, 390, 510, 630, and 750 min. At 24 h posttreatment, all subjects were sacrificed, and 300 g samples of the liver were obtained. The plasma concentration and liver residue of the drug were observed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.Results:The drug reached a maximum concentration of 19.233±0.331 µg/mL at 5 min, and the elimination half-life was at 173.25 min. The limit detection was obtained at 0.053 µg/mL. A one-way analysis of variance between all goats showed that elimination of the clenbuterol in their bodies was similar (p=1.00), with a withdrawal time of 1,479.326 min and no residues in the liver (p<0.05).Conclusion:Safe times for slaughter were determined to be at 2 days, 13 h, and 12 min as the 2nd safety factor (SF) time and 3 days, 1 h, and 58 min as the 3rd SF time with the liver organ free from residue.elimination half-life, new method for calculating withdrawal time, prescriptions for obtained β2-agonist, residues in liver.

Assessment of the withdrawal period for ractopamine hydrochloride in the goat and sheep

“…To determine the ractopamine levels in plasma collected from healthy goats and sheep treated with this agent, we initially utilized the HPLC assay described by other researchers without modification (9,15,16). However, we were unable to reproduce the reported assay so we developed a simpler assay using an isocratic mobile phase.…”

“…They are also closely related to livestock in several countries that are free from adverse drug responses (8). Specifically, we tested whether the withdrawal period of ractopamine, after a single dose was administered intravenously, differs between Indonesian (Etawah) goats and sheep (9). A second goal was to determine the length of time required for β-agonist residues to decrease to safe levels in animals that are to be slaughtered post-treatment.…”

“…The withdrawal time was calculated by using new method namely "Lazuardi Theory" base on K el data for ractopamine to determine the elimination half-live (T 1/2β ) and the limit of quantification (LOQ), as described by equation at below (7,9,14). The drug residues in goat and sheep in liver were monitored one-month post treatment.…”

Determination of progesterone compounds in the crude methanol extract of benalu duku leaves

“…However, the peak from another CRM compound was highly stable and was often observed at the same RT in the same chromatogram area. Bioactive determination in biological matrices such as meat will essentially obtain an irrelevant peak as described above including the determination of β-agonist drugs in goats [18-23]. Figure-2 shows that progesterone was eluted at approximately 6.107 min, but the RT could easily drift by 2-4 min before and after 6.107 min.…”

“…Part 4: The progesterone compounds isolated from the matrix samples were tested by proton NMR and compared with the proton NMR results for the progesterone CRM. Part 5: The data from sample testing versus the CRM was analyzed using MINITAB, version 17.0 at 5% significance, and the conclusion and recommendations were determined [18].…”