INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CONTROLLERBy DESAI MA YURKUMAR JA YESHBHAI
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGAutomotive technologies are gaining ground in modem road traffic-control systems, since the number of road vehicles and passengers is rapidly growing. There is a perpetual need for safety-critical traffic automation, and traffic engineering makes the dynamic or static analysis and the synthesis of automotive vehicle technologies possible. The main goal of engineering is the planning and management of traffic systems. The project supports the development of reliable and optimal control structures for urban traffic and for motorway systems.The intelligent and cooperative set-up of actuation and its linkage to the central control system is vital for avoiding traffic jams and accidents. Moreover, environmental costs (eg pollution) can be decreased. One aspect of the project aims at developing a traffic control algorithm for future technology. The design of the traffic control system can be evaluated in two steps -synthesis and analysis. Several models and multiple control strategies exist, and engineers must decide between them using a priori knowledge of the real system.Previously collected information can help to choose the appropriate model, parameters, measurement and control methodologies to create the optimal solution. In many cases, control-related variables are almost inaccessible for design unless estimation techniques are applied. In a situation like this, the approximation, computer-based estimation of the variables could be useful. Traffic simulations can be classified in several ways, including the division between microscopic and macroscopic, and between continuous and discrete time approaches. Several state variables, derived from the description of the dynamic system, can be used for operational and planning aspects. A newly emerged area is demand estimation through microscopic traffic modeling. The dynamic aspect of traffic simulation requires previously measured or estimated volumes of traffic.Since the measurement of certain variables in the dynamic description is rather costly, one tries to estimate them. For instance, the observation of constantly varying turning rates at a simple intersection is fairly costly. However, the number of turning vehicles could be applied to traffic light harmonization, or generally speaking to traffic light control. This automated traffic signal controller can be made by suitably programming GAL device. The controller assumes equal traffic density on all the roads. In most automated traffic signals the free left-tum condition is provided throughout the entire signal period, which poses difficulties to the pedestrians in crossing the road, especially vii viii
The scientific objective of this work is to reuse the polymer materials generated from carpet waste. The nylon obtained from the discarded carpet was used as reinforcement material into the epoxy matrix phase. A modified approach of Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) was used to infuse the mixture of epoxy and hardener into the nylon carpet polymer composites. This investigates the water absorption behavior of carpet waste composite. It will justify the application of proposed composites for lightweight structural applications in a moisture environment. The nylon fiber-based-epoxy composite was dipped in water as per ASTM standard for a different duration, namely, 24, 48, 72, 144 hours. The findings demonstrate that it can effectively withstand in moisture environment, and a maximum 4.5% weight of samples increased among all the samples for a different duration. Also, the developed composite showed a lower water diffusion co-efficient than the nail head structure and linden wood. Also, the carpet waste composite samples were investigated for thermal degradation and chemical behavior using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The finding shows that the proposed composite could be used for lightweight components such as dashboard panels, sound absorbers, panel sheets, wall tiles, etc.
This work highlights the recycling of waste carpet (Jute) to develop epoxy composites using a modified vacuum-assisted environment. Incorporating Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) into the epoxy matrix in different weight percentages improves the physio-mechanical properties. The MWCNT was supplemented at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt% to investigate the mechanical aspects of composite samples. The nanofiller (MWCNT) dispersion in the epoxy matrix was simulated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The results were compared to the neat (pristine) sample to study the influence of nano-supplement. The Tensile, Flexural, and Impact tests were the selected experiments to assess the material characteristics. The findings show the feasibility of the developed samples for lightweight structural applications such as toy items, wall tiles, roof tiles, sound insulation, and roadside barriers. It could be endorsed as a feasible way to handle the waste issues generated by the carpet and textile sources.
Carpets are the three-dimensional product used as a floor covering in homes, offices, commercial centers, decorative purposes, etc. The average life span of the carpet is four to seven years and after that, it becomes solid waste. The discarded carpets are causing a significant hazardous effect on the environment, climate, soil, and various health issues. To overcome the increasing carpet waste, the re-utilization of carpet is essentially desired. This article focuses on the development of polymer composites developed from discarded nylon carpets for lightweight applications. A modified technique of Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) was used to fabricate epoxy composites. The tensile and flexural tests evaluated the mechanical performance of the proposed composite. The modified composite is manufactured in two different configurations, namely, face- back-to-back-face (FBBF) and back- face to face- back (BFFB) with the help of the VARTM setup. The result demonstrated that the fabricated BFFB composite has a higher strength. The high-resolution microscopy test of the developed samples shows the feasibility of the composites produced from discarded carpet for lightweight functions. An attempt has been made to resue the waste for the fabrication of cost-effective products.
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