Modern aerospace industry is highly progressive and polymer composite materials have a positive and significant impact on it. At least 30-40 percent of modern airframes are now made of these composites, and this percentage is increasing rapidly due to technological advances in this field. Fiberreinforced polymer composite materials are fast gaining ground as preferred materials for construction of aircrafts and space crafts. This review paper demonstrates brief about the components of polymer composites, its properties and its uses in aerospace industries. Polymer composites are highly efficient and environment friendly. Traditional materials are susceptible to fatigue and corrosion when composite materials provide resistance to both of this along with its significant amount of weight reduction. Due to high strength and stiffness of its fiber, polymer composite provides high "strength to weight" & "stiffness to weight" ratios. Apart from this, they possess good shear properties and low density .As a result, new generation aerospace engineers and aircraft designers are turning to polymer composite materials to make their flying vehicle and aircraft lighter, stronger and of course more fuel efficient. A brief introduction of composites usage in aerospace sector is given first. The nature of Polymer composite materials and special problems in designing and working with them are then highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of polymer composites in aviation sector is discussed.
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in powder form is broadly used as bone cement in orthopedic applications due to its expanded mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. In this study, a hybrid PMMA biopolymer nanocomposite is developed by the supplement of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) powders of nano-size with combined loadings ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 weight %. Both materials were applied uniformly to reinforce commercial bone cement made of polymethylmethacrylate. The findings showed that adding 1.5 wt.% of combined HA and GnP nanoparticles to the powder of PMMA bone cement resulted in the expansion of flexural strength by 49.28%, the flexural modulus by 30.80%, the compression strength by 31.7%, and the compression modulus by 57.41%. The nanocomposite was characterized using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the distribution of reinforced nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the prepared samples and fractured surface shows the proper dispersion of nanofillers into the matrix phase and possible reasons behind fracture. The inclusion of GnP and HA in the PMMA enhances the mechanical performances required for biomedical components. Also, the SEM findings of the mechanically tested broken surface of the polymer nanocomposite samples demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed material for joint replacement surgical procedures and orthopedic implants.
Carbon nanomaterials reinforced composite materials have been broadly utilized in manufacturing engineering due to improved thermal resistivity, reduced weight, and other improved mechanical properties. This article highlights the drilling experimentation of zero-dimensional (0-D) Carbon nano onion (CNO) reinforced polymer composite. For this, three drilling constraints was considered viz., spindle speed, feed rate, and weight % of nanomaterial reinforced. The objective is to achieve the desired value of generated drilling forces such as Torque (Nm) and Thrust Force (N) during the machining procedure of developed composite samples. The Multiobjective-Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) is utilized to achieve optimal results from the multi-decision criterion for the Machining performance. Exploiting this optimization process, non-dominated solutions were obtained, and the Pareto front was identified. Practical applications for the discovered relationships include using Grey relation analysis (GRA) to extract the most relevant finding from the Pareto Front space of optimal solutions. Using the GRA, the optimum solution was found: Spindle Speed of 1000 RPM, Feed Rate of 100 mm/min, and CNO weight percentage of 0.5. After this, a confirmation test was performed, the expected effects have been confirmed. The findings reveal that the proposed optimization module can be recommended for online quality and productivity control.
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