This study was conducted to isolate and identify three isolates of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), infecting tomato, using polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) and determining the nucleotide sequences produced by PCR- amplified products to determine the genetic similarity and differences amongst the virus isolates. It also aimed to analyze the plant content of mineral elements: magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium to determine the effect of the virus on the plant content of these elements. The laboratory experiments mentioned in this study were carried out in the Plant Virology Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department at the College of Agriculture/ Karbala University. Analysis of the mineral elements was carried out in the Soil Laboratory, College of Agriculture/ University of Kufa. A greenhouse experiment was also carried out to investigate the response of some tomato genotypes against TYLCV during the agricultural season 2018-2019. Results of PCR amplification by the CP-F and CP-R primer pair revealed the possibility of amplifying a 789bp product from each TYLCV isolate isolated from some farms located in some desert areas in Najaf and Karbala governorates. Analysis of the sequences resulting from the PCR-amplified products obtained from the viral isolates (5, 8, and 10) by BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) indicated that all these viral isolates diagnosed in this study belong to TYLCV. TYLCV isolates 5 and 8 obtained from Najaf province had a 100% similarity in the sequences of PCR-amplified products amplified from the TYLCV coat protein. These isolates gave a difference (96%) in the coat protein nucleotide sequence of the virus isolate 10. Furthermore, analysis of some mineral elements in plants infected with TYLCV showed a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium and calcium and an increase in the concentrations of elements sodium and potassium with a significant difference from their normal concentrations in the non-infected plants.

This study emphasized on the identification and detection the secondary metabolism compounds different of volatile oils by Gas Chromatography Technique of Ocimum basilicum L. and Mentha spicata L plant from Labiate (Lamiaceae) family cultivated in Iraq by suxhlet apparatus. the medicinal importment acquired this study and to know the active compound in the volatile oil was identified in plant extract of aerial parts by Gas Chromatography Mass, The result showed that of (80g) of O.basilicum and M. spicata has produced volatile oil ( 2.5% and 3. 75%) respectively, The study has shown that essential oil of O.basilicum 25 compounds and had the highest compound concentration Estragole reaching it is percentage (23.46%) followed Cyclohexanol,5-methyl-2-(1methyl ethyl) (14.19%), Then Tetrapentaconate, 1,54-dibromo compound concentration (8.99%). concentration the M. spicata, the study showed that it contain 25 compound and that the compound Isopropyl linoleate has the highest compound concentration of (21.83%) followed by the Cyclohexanol,5-methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl) 13.38%, then Octadecenoic acid (E) with concentration of ( 7.75%). The aim of this study compare the phytochemical of different volatile oil extract of O. basilicum L. and M. spicata L.

In the current study we reported for agronomic traits and yield of fifteen rice genotypes in season during 2018 and investigated at the field experimental of Al-Mashkab research station (AMRR), Najaf-Iraq. The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with having three replications. These data related days to 50% flowering and heading, plant height (cm), leaf area index (LAI), panicle length (cm), number of tiller per panicle, 1000 grain weight (g) and biological yield, harvest index and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. The results indicated that the rice genotypes differed in plant growth characteristics and yield and yield components. 1000 grain weight and grain yields both were highest in Gohar genotype. Shiroudi genotype required shorter days to maturity and Anber33 longest days to maturity. Some of the rice genotypes particularly (Gohar) showed high promise with grain yield. Recommended, intensification of introducing more genotypes to select the best rice genotype for Iraqi condition could maximize the benefits of genotype cultivation. Agronomic data collected in the current study would be significant to realize the suitability of an individual rice genotypes of the farmer field, also were found more appropriate of the agro climatic status of Iraq.

The SCoT marker was able to shed light on the origin-specific genetic link between the genotypes under study, providing breeders with a valuable resource. Some Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) genotypes were analyzed for their genetic diversity, genetic connection, and DNA fingerprint using ten molecular markers of the SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) type. Different SCoT primer combinations generated distinctive DNA fingerprints. The results demonstrate that polymorphism is most prevalent when using the primer SCoT30 (100 percent) and least prevalent when using the primer SCoT54 (50 percent) (33.3). This study found that the genetic distance between Bushra and Warda was the lowest (0.1111) and the genetic distance between Fouton and the Special Pack was the highest (0.55583), but that the distance between the two was the smallest (0.1111). (Special pack and Cherry tomato). Through the use of cluster analysis (a phylogenetic tree), the examined genotypes were divided into two distinct groups. The goals of this research were to use SCoT to catalog the variety of tomato genotypes and to discover the connections between the various molecular fingerprinting-based clustering methods.

This study aimed to determine the effect of some filtrate of bio-fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperelloides, Beauveria bassiana and Penicillium sp.) in controlling the two-spot spider mite that infects eggplant. Fungi filtrates have been tested against all roles of the red mite (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults). The results showed that T. harzianum was the most effective among other fungi in controlling T. urticae, recording the lowest egg hatching of 55.42% and the highest mortality rate for motile instars, which reached 69.37 60.04 and 62.33 for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively, with a significant difference from the fungi. T. asperelloides, B. bassiana, and Penicillium sp. respectively. As for the concentration of the filtrate, in general, the efficiency of the filtrate increased with increasing concentration. The concentration of 100% recorded the highest reduction in the number of hatched eggs with a hatching rate of 59.33% and an increase of the dead individuals with mortality rates of 60.00, 55.37 and 51.58% for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively, compared to concentration 25%, which led to a hatching rate of 79.67% and significantly less mortality for all stages.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Al Mushkab Rice Research Station (AMRR), Najaf, Iraq, during the rice growing season of 2018-2019 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for the aim of estimating the path coefficient in 15 introduced and local genotypes of rice. The path coefficient was estimated for the number of days from planting to 50% flowering, the number of days from flowering to physiological maturity, plant height, leaf area index, number of branches/panicle, number of panicles / m2, number of grains/panicles, infertility percentage (sterility %), 1000 grains weight (gm), biological yield (kg. ha -1) and harvest index (HI %) with grain yield kg, ha. -1. The results of the study concluded that the trait of harvest index is an effective selection criterion for improving Rice grain yield because it achieved the highest overall positive effect, i.e., the highest positive genotypic correlation amounted to 0.761, and this trait also achieved a high direct positive effect on grain yield amounted to 0.83833. Keywords: Rice, Genotypes, Path Coefficient, Harvest Index

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