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Owing to the high toxicity and detrimental effects of chemical contaminants to human health and the environment, public concerns over chemical contaminants in the environment and in foods have been mounting drastically. It is therefore significant to monitor contaminants via portable sensing devices, which encompass the demands of being low-cost and the potential for online environmental monitoring and food safety applications. This review will assess various concepts and recent advancements in design and the application of state-of-the-art nanomaterials through the incorporation of carbon nanomaterials, metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanotubes, and dendrimers toward the development of electrochemical sensors for the detection of chemical contaminants in the environment and in foods. The development of nanomaterials based sensors facilitated by recent advances is having a major impact on sensor industries for environmental and food safety monitoring.Electrochemical sensing strategies have spurred intense interest in the research community as they have the capacity to serve as ideal sensor technology candidates, having such features as rapid response, robustness, high sensitivity and selectivity, low cost, miniaturization, and the potential for real-time monitoring. Nanomaterials have strong potential for increasing the competitiveness of new sensors for environmental monitoring and food safety applications through the combination of efficacious, yet simple fabrication techniques in the development of critical nanometric interfaces, and the optimization of their design and performance. Opportunities and future considerations for the use of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors for producing advanced environmental and food sensing devices will also be addressed.

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive detection of a variety of biological and pharmaceutical compounds. Since the discovery of carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, C60 and graphene, they have garnered tremendous interest for their potential in the design of high-performance electrochemical sensor platforms due to their exceptional thermal, mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors have been employed for the detection of various analytes with rapid electron transfer kinetics. This feature article focuses on the recent design and use of carbon nanomaterials, primarily single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), SWCNTs-rGO, Au nanoparticle-rGO nanocomposites, and buckypaper as sensing materials for the electrochemical detection of some representative biological and pharmaceutical compounds such as methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, valacyclovir, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH), and glucose. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of SWCNTs, rGO, and SWCNT-rGO for the detection of acetaminophen and valacyclovir was comparatively studied, revealing that SWCNT-rGO nanocomposites possess excellent electrocatalytic activity in comparison to individual SWCNT and rGO platforms. The sensitive, reliable and rapid analysis of critical disease biomarkers and globally emerging pharmaceutical compounds at carbon nanomaterials based electrochemical sensor platforms may enable an extensive range of applications in preemptive medical diagnostics.

a] 7.7 nM, and high sensitivities of 135.08, 94.90 and 110.38 mA/mM, respectively. The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor designed in this study also exhibited high stablility and reproducible as well as rapid response, providing new opportunities for the development of sensing devices in the detection of multiple phenolic compounds simultaneously for practical environmental applications.

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