The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical profile of tench blood plasma during preand postspawning period under the conditions of hormonally-induced artificial reproduction. A total of 59 females and 27 males were examined during the postspawning period of 1999 and 52 females and 25 males were examined during the prespawning period of 2000, as well as 48 females after reproduction. Biochemical indices determined in blood plasma were as follows: cortisol, glucose, total protein (TP), triacylglycerols (Tcg), cholesterol (Chol), transaminases (ALT and AST), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and electrolytes (Na). In females in the pre-spawning period, higher values of TP (P < 0.05) and Tcg (P < 0.01) were found compared to males. Immediately after reproduction, males had higher TP (P < 0.01) and Chol (P < 0.01) than females. No significant sex-related differences were found in other indices under study. Higher values of glucose (P < 0.01), Tcg (P < 0.01), Chol (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.01) and ALP (P < 0.01) were found for females after reproduction in June compared to values found in April, i.e. two months prior to reproduction. Differing water temperature (10.3 °C in April; 22 °C in June) associated with metabolic rate also played an important role. Induction of ovulation by GnRH synthetic analogue and carp pituitary was not successful in all females. However, between the spawned and unspawned female fish, differences were found in glucose concentration (P < 0.01) but non-significant differences were recorded for other biochemical indices. The blood plasma biochemical profile enabled to assess the state of internal milieu of broodstock during the reproduction period.

Stress load on harvest‐size common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) just before harvest, during harvest and during the post‐harvest storage were assessed using haematological and biochemical indices. The study was carried out at the 60 ha Dřemliny pond for 28, 7 and 1 day before harvest, during 3‐day harvest and after a 28‐day post‐harvest period. Indices monitored included the relative spleen weight (SSI), erythrocyte count (Er), haemoglobin levels (Hb), haematocrit (PCV), MCV, MCH, MCHC, leucocrit (Bc), differential leucocyte count (leucogram), blood plasma cortisol, glucose, total proteins (TP), cholesterol and chloride. During harvest, a significant decrease of SSI (P<0.05; P<0.01), increase of PCV (P<0.01), decrease of Bc (P<0.01, P<0.05), lymphopenia (P<0.05) and neutrophilia (P<0.01) were observed. A significant increase in the levels of blood plasma cortisol was found 1 day before harvest (P<0.05) due to draining off the pond before harvest itself, hyperglycaemia was observed 1 day before harvest (P<0.05) and during harvest (P<0.01); a decrease, on the other hand, was found in cholesterol and chloride levels (P<0.01). The relationships between oxygen content in water and SSI and MCHC were positive (P>0.05) and between oxygen and glucose were negative (P>0.01). A 28‐day post‐harvest storage returned the indices investigated back to physiological interval of values. Persistently lower levels of Bc, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and lower TP concentrations are indicative of deepening immunosuppression during the post‐harvest storage period. Changes of haematological and biochemical indices during harvest in relation to hypoxia, fish handling and higher stocking rates are also discussed.

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Svobodová Z., P. Kaláb, L. Du‰ek, B. Vykusová, J. Koláfiová, D. Janou‰ková: Glucose and Cortisol in Blood Plasma of Common Carp. Acta Vet. Brno 1999, 68: 265-274. The Effect of Handling and Transport on the Concentration ofThe aim of this contribution was to assess the degree of stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) exposed to handling and transport. Cortisol and glucose concentrations in blood plasma were used as stress indicators. In some cases, concentration of ammonia in blood plasma and relative weight of spleen (SSI) were used as well. Within handling, an effect of time pause (0; 2 and 5 min) between catching the fish from water and blood sampling for stress indicators was checked. Another goal was to assess the effect of Menocain anaesthetics on the stress indicators. An open system of a 10-hour transport in a special long-distance live fish transport truck (Transport I a II), and a 2-hour transport in classic transporting tanks (Transport III) were compared. Temperature and oxygen concentration in water was measured during transport. After handling the fish prior to blood sampling (2 and 5 min pause), the cortisol concentration dropped significantly (p < 0.001) and the glucose concentration significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to values in fish sampled immediately after catching. No effect of anaesthetics on cortisol concentration was proved. On the contrary, the glucose concentration fell (p = 0.012) in the anaesthetized fish. After a 10-hour transport in a special truck (Transport I), a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of the cortisol concentration was found, as well as a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the glucose concentration in blood plasma. In the course of 10-hour transport in a special truck (Transport II), the majority of carp was found dead. Suffocation and ammonia autointoxication due to loading the fish with full digestive tract were the most probable causes of the fish mortality. After a 2-hour transport in transporting tanks (Transport III) both the cortisol concentration and relative weight of spleen (SSI) dropped non-significantly while glucose concentration in blood plasma significantly (p < 0.001) increased. Results showed that both handling and transport are important stressors in the common carp. Preventive measures were proposed aimed at alleviating the negative effects of these stressors.

Republic. Acta vet. Bmo 1995,64: 195-208.Tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, gonads) were investigated for residues of pollutants in wels (Silurus glanis) from 6 large ponds (Bezdrev, Spolsky, Kaclehy, Vrko<:, NovoveskY, Bezruc), from Labe river and from the OrUk reservoir and in brown bullhead (lctalurus nebulosus) from the river Labe. Thirty and 10 individuals of wels were investigated from ponds and the Orlik reservoir, respectively, and 2 individuals from the river Labe. Thirty five individuals of bullhead were investigated from various localities of the Labe. Among pollutants, metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, AI), PCBs as amount of technical mixtures used in .the Czech Republic (Delor 103 and Delor 106) and as 7 indicator congeners (K28, K52, KIOI, K118, K153, K138, KI80), DDT and its metabolities, HCB, HCH isomers, triazines (atrazine, simazine, prometryne, desmetryne, terbutryne) were assessed. The values of individual pollutants found in tissues of wels from ponds were very low and corresponded to hygienic limits in all cases. On the other hand, much higher values of pollutant residues (Hg and PCB) were found in wels from the OrUk reservoir, and they exceeded the hygienic limit in some cases (PCB). Values of pollutant residues found in bullhead fished from various localities of the Labe were also increased. Above all, PCB and mercury values exceeded valid hygienic limit of the Czech Republic in some cases.Wels and brown bullhead proved to be important indicators of loading of various localities of surface waters with investigated pollutants. Wels as a predator and brown bullhead as an omnivorous and benthophagous fish are important indicators of loading of surface waters with mercury. The muscles of wels are besides those of eel (Anguilla anguilla) one of the most important indicators for the evaluation of surface waters loading with polychlorinated biphenyls. Silurus glanis, Ictalurus nebulosus, pond, Labe river, OrUk reservoir, mercury, metals, PCBs, indicator congeners, DDT, BCB, BCB, triazinesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of representatives of Siluriformes for indication of water environment loading and to evaluate the hygienic quality of their flesh from the point of view of pollutants content. The representatives of Siluriformes (Silurus glanis, lctalurus nebulosus) sampled from fish ponds, the river Labe and the Orlik reservoir (Czech Republic) were selected for these investigations. Materials and MethodsResidues of pollutants were monitored in Siluriformes from various localities of the Czech Republic. Sample consisting of five individuals of we Is (Silurus glanis) were taken from the ponds Bezdrev (460 ha, Fisheries Hluboka nad Vltavou), Spolsky (138 ha, Fisheries TIeboii), KaClehy (136 ha, Fisheries JindfichiIv Hradec), Vrko<: (180 ha, Fisheries Pohofelice), Novovesky (120 ha, Fisheries Pohofelice) and Bezruc (100 ha, Fisheries Ostrava) (Fig. I ).

ABSTRACT:The aim of the study was to compare physiological statuses of stripped and not stripped tench females with ovulation induced by GnRHa or carp pituitary extract (CPE). The comparison was based on selected biochemical stress indices (cortisol, glucose), condition (TP, TGA), and cell membrane characteristics (ALT, AST, CK). In the first and in the second year, 37 and 29 tench females were monitored, respectively. No differences in the values of biochemical parameters in either period were found between the two groups of stripped female tench whose ovulation was induced by GnRHa and CPE, respectively. No significant differences in TP, TGA, ALT, AST and CK values were found between the groups of stripped and not stripped females with ovulation induced by GnRHa or CPE. Different values were found in stress indices, specifically in glucose concentrations. A significant increase (P < 0.01) in glucose concentrations was found in tench females immediately after stripping and, in not stripped females, about 48 hrs after ovulation induction. Both artificial stripping and the inability to release eggs are important stress factors for female tench.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of medicated feed, Rupin Special gran. ad us. vet. with oxytetracyclini chloridum as active ingredient (5 g·kg -1 feed), on physical and chemical characteristics of a pond ecosystem and the health of carp of two age groups in a pilot operation. The medicated feed was administered in 8 doses (15 g·kg -1 live weight). In the study, temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, microbiological, hydrobiological and hydrochemical variables of pond water were monitored. The fish health assessment was based on clinical, pathological-morphological and haematological examinations of 80 individuals in total. The examinations were made before, during, immediately after and 15 days after the administration of medicated feed. No effects on water quality were found. An important histological change after the application of 8 doses was the loss of haematopoietic tissue from the spleen, and dystrophic changes in the renal duct epithelium. A decrease in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and in total blood plasma protein concentrations (P < 0.05) were observed already after the 3 rd dose of Rupin Special. It follows from the results of the study that Rupin Special should be used in only 4 (exceptionally 6) doses, compared to the originally recommended 8 doses. Fish treatment, haematology, histology, medicated feedFor the suppression and treatment of bacterial diseases in fish, an effective medication is required to which pathogenic microorganisms are sensitive. At present there are only two antibiotic preparations registered in the Czech Republic for application to fish. These are Flumiquil 50% plv. ad us. vet., a synthetic chinolon-based antibiotic with flumequin as an active ingredient, and Rupin Special gran. ad us vet., a tetracycline antibiotic with oxytetracycline (5 g·kg -1 ) as an active ingredient ( Koláfiová and Nepejchalová 2005).Rupin Special is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against the majority of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Vitamin A (retinoli acetas) is present in the preparation mainly to improve the condition and resistance of the fish. Saccharin (saccharinum) and anise oil (anisi etheroleum) are added as taste correcting agents to guarantee that the feed is readily accepted by fish. Stabilizers and coating materials prevent undesirable changes in the preparation during its distribution or storage. Wheat flour is used as the vehicle of the preparation and this also increases the feed's nutritional value.Rupin Special is supplied in cylindrically shaped pellets about 3 -4 × 3-10 mm in size. The pellets are hard, and they soften when soaked in water, although they will retain their