AbstrAct:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of metribuzin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). An experimental group of fish was exposed to Sencor 70 WG pesticide product (active substance 70% of metribuzin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on rainbow trout juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Sencor 70 WG was 89.3 mg/l. An examination of the haematological and biochemical profile and histopathological tissue examinations were performed on one-to two-year-old rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure to Sencor WG 70 in a concentration of 89.3 mg/l. The experimental group showed significantly lower values (P < 0.01) of plasma total proteins, triacylglycerols, aspartate aminotransferase, ammonia, calcium, lactate, alkaline phosphatase, erythrocyte count, haematocrit and significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of erythrocyte haemoglobin compared to the control group. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in both the relative and absolute lymphocyte count and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in both the relative and absolute count of neutrophile granulocytes were also recorded in the experimental group. The histopathological examination revealed mild proliferation of goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium of secondary gill lamellae and hyaline degeneration of epithelial cells of the renal tubules of the caudal kidney. This alteration of kidney resulted in hypoproteinaemia, followed by the formation of transudate in the body cavity. The metribuzin-based Sencor WG 70 pesticide product was classified among substances harmful to fish.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 microg l(-1). Examination of haematological and biochemical profiles and histological tissue examination was performed on common carp after 96 h of exposure to Talstar EC 10 (57.5 microg l(-1)). The experimental group showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of plasma glucose, ammonia, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase as well as the relative and absolute monocyte count, compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes. The bifenthrin-based Talstar EC 10 pesticide preparation was classified as a substance strongly toxic for fish.

SummaryThe goal of this study was to determine the basic haematological profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spawners of eight breeds reared under identical conditions and sampled in spring after overwintering. Significant differences were found among the breeds for haemoglobin level (Hb), haematocrit value (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin ( ; MCH 69 ± 7 and 69 ± 9 pg, respectively). The AS specimens and breeds that originated [ROP, Ukraine scaly carp (US), and Northern mirror carp (M72)] showed significantly higher values of Hb (P < 0.01), PCV (P < 0.01), MCV (P < 0.05) and MCH (P < 0.05), compared to the other four breeds: Hungarian mirror carp (M2), Israeli mirror carp (Dor 70), South Bohemian mirror carp (BV) and Tata scaly carp (TAT). Males showed significantly higher PCV, Hb and RBC values within individual breeds. This study demonstrated that Amur wild carp and breeds originating from it had significantly higher values of erythrocyte profile in comparison with the other breeds studied.

Svobodová Z., P. Kaláb, L. Du‰ek, B. Vykusová, J. Koláfiová, D. Janou‰ková: Glucose and Cortisol in Blood Plasma of Common Carp. Acta Vet. Brno 1999, 68: 265-274. The Effect of Handling and Transport on the Concentration ofThe aim of this contribution was to assess the degree of stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) exposed to handling and transport. Cortisol and glucose concentrations in blood plasma were used as stress indicators. In some cases, concentration of ammonia in blood plasma and relative weight of spleen (SSI) were used as well. Within handling, an effect of time pause (0; 2 and 5 min) between catching the fish from water and blood sampling for stress indicators was checked. Another goal was to assess the effect of Menocain anaesthetics on the stress indicators. An open system of a 10-hour transport in a special long-distance live fish transport truck (Transport I a II), and a 2-hour transport in classic transporting tanks (Transport III) were compared. Temperature and oxygen concentration in water was measured during transport. After handling the fish prior to blood sampling (2 and 5 min pause), the cortisol concentration dropped significantly (p < 0.001) and the glucose concentration significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to values in fish sampled immediately after catching. No effect of anaesthetics on cortisol concentration was proved. On the contrary, the glucose concentration fell (p = 0.012) in the anaesthetized fish. After a 10-hour transport in a special truck (Transport I), a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of the cortisol concentration was found, as well as a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the glucose concentration in blood plasma. In the course of 10-hour transport in a special truck (Transport II), the majority of carp was found dead. Suffocation and ammonia autointoxication due to loading the fish with full digestive tract were the most probable causes of the fish mortality. After a 2-hour transport in transporting tanks (Transport III) both the cortisol concentration and relative weight of spleen (SSI) dropped non-significantly while glucose concentration in blood plasma significantly (p < 0.001) increased. Results showed that both handling and transport are important stressors in the common carp. Preventive measures were proposed aimed at alleviating the negative effects of these stressors.

ABSTRACT:The effect of 12 h transport on the biochemical and haematological profiles of three-years-old common carp was investigated. There was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in ammonia, chloride, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in total proteins. The levels of glucose (P < 0.01), lactate (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01) and calcium (P < 0.01) were also significantly changed, but no time-dependent relationships were found. Significant increases in haematocrit (P < 0.01) and metamyelocyte count (P < 0.05) were found. Mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.05) and counts of monocytes (P < 0.01), band neutrophils (P < 0.01) and segmented neutrophils (P < 0.05) were significantly changed independently of the transport duration. Since pre-transport manipulation and transport per se were found to be important stressors for three-years-old common carp, peri-transport disturbances should be minimized to ensure optimal fish welfare.Keywords: erythrocyte profile; common carp; Cyprinus carpio; leukocyte profile; plasma biochemical indices; stress response 511Czech J. Anim. Sci., 54, 2009 (11): 510-518 Original Paper of adrenalin and cortisol, followed by secondary changes in blood and tissues, such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlactaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, changes in blood plasma enzyme activities and ion concentrations, reduced glycogen content of muscle and liver, increased metabolic rate, and shifts in haematological profiles and immunological capacity (Stave and Robertson, 1985; Staurnes et al.1994).The acute primary physiological response of fish to netting, handling and transport returns to normal levels within 6-24 h. However, physiological recovery may take 10-14 days if the stressors persist and are not lethal (Schreck et al., 1997). Stress and physical activity during transport usually lead to the loss of product quality, such as reducing fish freshness, softening muscle texture, and lowering filet yield. Exposure to stress can have an impact on the economics of fish aquaculture (Nakayama et al., 1994).The aim of this study was to assess a transport stress response, i.e. the effect of pre-transport manipulation procedures and long-distance transport per se, to some biochemical and haematological indices of three-years-old common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L). Transport water quality was also monitored. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe experiment was carried out on common carp transported from storage ponds of the commercial fish farm in Hluboká nad Vltavou (Czech Republic) via Brno (Czech Republic) to a fish pond in Boheľov (Slovakia). Fish were transported in 2.2 m 3 transport tanks (AGK Kronawitter GmbH, Germany), at a density of 364 kg body weight per m 3 .Duration of transport was 12.5 h, comprising 7 h from Hluboká nad Vltavou to Brno and 5.5 h from Brno to Boheľov. Tanks were continuously oxygenated during transport. In Boheľov, the carp were released from the tanks through a hose into a fish pond. Throughout the experim...