Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) of breast was an unknown pathologic entity till recently due its rare incidence and lack of definitive criteria for diagnosis. We present a case of PNEC of breast in a middle aged lady. A 34 years lady presented with a breast lump since 1 month, who underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance. Histopathological diagnoses were infiltrating ductal carcinoma-neuroendocrine (NE) type. Immunohistochemistry showed estrogen, progesterone positivity and NE markers positivity in more than 50% of tumor cells for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase. On further investigation by whole body computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no extra mammary primary tumor. Hence the diagnosis of PNEC of breast was confirmed. Patient received chemo and hormonal therapy and doing well after 6 months of follow up.
A 58-year-old male patient presented with pain abdomen since 1 month and bilious vomiting since 1 week. After admission to our hospital, in view of his age and clinical presentation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done and biopsy sent for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis of duodenum was made. Herein, we report such an unusual case, where the diagnosis was first made by duodenal biopsy, rather than simple stool examination. Since the case clinically masqueraded as gastric malignancy, the importance of routine simple stool examination and role of pathologist in identifying the parasite is hereby highlighted.
Background: CD 117 (Cluster Differentiation 117), encoded by the proto-oncogene C-Kit is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor which inhibits apoptosis and potentiates cell proliferation. In normal breast epithelium, c-kit is highly expressed; however, its expression is low or completely lost in primary invasive breast carcinoma, suggesting its role in breast carcinogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the expression of CD 117 in invasive breast carcinoma and to study its association with various prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of invasive breast carcinoma of different histological types and grades were evaluated for CD117 immunoexpression and the association of the same was studied with respect to various prognostic factors, ER/PR receptor status and Her2/ neu status. Results: A statistically significant association was seen between negative expression of CD 117 with increased age (p=0.04), higher tumor grade (p=0.02), positive hormone receptor status (ER; p=0.001, PR; 0.005), negative Her2/neu (p=0.006) and tumors having a microvascular density of more than 19 per high power field (p-0.01). Conclusion: CD 117 immunoexpression, either negative or positive in invasive breast carcinoma has to be reported on a routine basis as a negative expression projects the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients and a positive expression will identify patients for a potential therapeutic intervention.
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