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Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) of breast was an unknown pathologic entity till recently due its rare incidence and lack of definitive criteria for diagnosis. We present a case of PNEC of breast in a middle aged lady. A 34 years lady presented with a breast lump since 1 month, who underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance. Histopathological diagnoses were infiltrating ductal carcinoma-neuroendocrine (NE) type. Immunohistochemistry showed estrogen, progesterone positivity and NE markers positivity in more than 50% of tumor cells for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase. On further investigation by whole body computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no extra mammary primary tumor. Hence the diagnosis of PNEC of breast was confirmed. Patient received chemo and hormonal therapy and doing well after 6 months of follow up.

Introduction:Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy having good prognosis in comparison with other epithelial tumors. The study aims to collect data of all granulosa cell tumors diagnosed in ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore over the last 3 years and to describe the patient profile, ultrasonographic and various histopathological features.Materials and Methods:A total of 4 granulosa cell tumors were diagnosed in ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore during the period from June 2010 to June 2013. The patient's age, clinical manifestations, radiological and histopathological findings were evaluated.Results:All 4 patients were diagnosed as adult granulosa cell tumor, three of four cases were in premenopausal age group and one case was in perimenopausal age. The clinical manifestations were menorrhagia and abdominal pain. Ultrasonographically, 2 cases of granulosa cell tumors were both solid and cystic and one case each was either solid or cystic. Histologically, variety of patterns like diffuse, trabecular, cords, spindle and clear cells were noted. Both Call-Exner bodies and nuclear grooves were observed in all cases. All four cases showed simple hyperplasia without atypia endometrial findings. Follow up on all patients revealed no evidence of recurrence.Conclusion:Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary is a rare ovarian entity. The important prognostic factor is staging of the tumor. Staging and histopathology helps in prediction of survival. Also diligent endometrial pathology has to be sorted to rule out endometrial carcinoma.

A 58-year-old male patient presented with pain abdomen since 1 month and bilious vomiting since 1 week. After admission to our hospital, in view of his age and clinical presentation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done and biopsy sent for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis of duodenum was made. Herein, we report such an unusual case, where the diagnosis was first made by duodenal biopsy, rather than simple stool examination. Since the case clinically masqueraded as gastric malignancy, the importance of routine simple stool examination and role of pathologist in identifying the parasite is hereby highlighted.

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women.Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by classic variables such as grade, stage, hormone receptor status of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) & Her2/neu overexpression.Though hormone receptor analysis is a prerequisite in this era, for management and prognosis, still histopathological grading can be taken up as an important variable for predicting prognosis.An attempt has been made in this study to correlate histopathological grade with hormone receptor status in breast carcinomas in our institution. Modified radical mastectomy specimens were subjected for routine histological examination and Immunohistochemical analysis. Clinical details were archived from the files. Statistical analysis was done and p value of <0.05 were taken as significant using chi-square test. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 24 to 75 years.Majority of tumours were predominantly of histopathological grade two.By Immunohistochemistry 52% were ER+/PR+, 25% were Her2/neu positive and 20% of triple negatives.A significant association was seen between histologic grade and hormone receptor status. Conclusion: Histologic gradingtogether with receptor status offers an excellent method of correlation of survival rate and response to hormonal therapy which lightens up a prospect of various treatment modalities.

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Carcinoid tumours of the appendix are uncommon incidentally detected tumours during histopathological examination following appendicectomy for acute appendicitis. Even though considered rare in children, they are the most frequently encountered tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. To our knowledge, carcinoid tumour of appendix in childhood has not yet been reported from Indian Subcontinent. The clinical presentation is similar to acute appendicitis and the signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome have not been reported in children. The prognosis of carcinoid tumour of appendix is excellent in children as the tumour is generally small in size and less aggressive with no metastasis. Simple appendicectomy is curative in most of the patients and long term follow up is debatable. We present here a case of carcinoid tumour of the body of appendix, which is an uncommon location in a 6-year-old child.

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