Squamous cell carcinomas constitute 95% of cancers of the head and neck region. The progression of disease in these patients depends on various molecular regulators. The present study is undertaken to identify the immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) and to study their association with clinicopathological variables in routine diagnostics.1. To study the expression of Cyclin D1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. 2. To correlate the expression of Cyclin D1 with histopathological grading and various demographic parameters.150 cases of HNSCCs were studied for a period of 18 months in ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Bangalore. The cases were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of Cyclin D1 antigen. Immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 was correlated with histopathological differentiation and clinical parameters.Out of 150 cases; well, moderate and poorly differentiated grades constituted67, 63 and 20 cases respectively. Immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 wasfound in 100 % of the cases and they were significantly associated with worseninggrade of the tumour and positive lymph node disease while it was not found to be associated with other clinical parameters.Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin D1 can be routinely done inHNSCC as it proves to be an effective, early prognostic indicator in predicting theadvanced stage of the disease and guiding appropriate management.
Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool for salivary lesions, which has decreased the number of unnecessary invasive surgeries for benign conditions. But, cytopathology of salivary lesions is complex presenting with similarity in cytological features albeit with histological heterogeneity. The novel Milan’s System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a six tiered classification, providing standard reporting terminology for salivary gland lesions in fine needle aspirates. Aim: To categorise the salivary lesions cytologically based on MSRSGC and to assess its utility in simplification of routine diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Materials and Methods: A retroprospective study was conducted in a tertiary care centre over a period of five years from 2017 to 2021. All patients suspected to have salivary gland lesions were subjected to FNAC in the Department of Cytology. The cases were reported according to the MSRSGC criteria and assigned one of the categories. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft excel software, for calculation of descriptive statistical parameters such as measures of central tendency viz., mean, median, mode, percentage, range and ratio. Results: A sample size of 82 patients with salivary gland lesions was studied. Parotid gland was most commonly involved, among others. Most of the lesions were classified as category 4a (Neoplasm benign) (39%) and category 2 (Non neoplastic) (36.6%). Non Diagnostic (ND) constituted only 2.43% while malignancies constituted 4.9%. Ambiguous categories like Salivary gland neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential (SUMP) and suspicious of malignancy constituted 13.4% and 3.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The introduction of MSRSGC has to a large extent standardised the reporting patterns, thereby assisting the clinicians to render improved patient care. The present study in comparison with other studies conducted worldwide, recommends the usage of MSRSGC for routine reporting.
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