Для большого разнообразия почвенно-климатических условий Казахстана требуются сорта сои, устойчивые к различным стрессам, и прежде всего сорта, устойчивые к засухе. Необходимым условием эффективной селекции на засухоустойчивость является правильная оценка засухоустойчивости. Использование физиологических, анатомо-морфологических и биохимических признаков засухоустойчивости в совокупности с оценкой урожайности семян при засухе позволяет проводить более достоверную оценку. Целенаправленное использование комплекса фенотипических маркеров позволит селекционерам отобрать из коллекции ценные генотипы сои, которые могут быть использованы в различных схемах скрещиваний по созданию продуктивных и засухоустойчивых форм. В работе оценена коллекция сои с использованием анатомо-морфологических и физиолого-биохимических методов оценки засухоустойчивости в контрастных условиях орошения и богары (не поливной участок) научного стационара КазНИИЗиР в фазу налива бобов и яркого проявления недостатка влаги. Выделены образцы по высокой опушенности, хорошо развитому устьичному аппарату, интенсивному накоплению пролина, повышенному уровню квантового выхода фотосистемы (QY). Выделены 3 сорта-Гессенска, Кыэ-шуан, Комет как засухоустойчивые по двум и трем фенотипическим маркерам засухоустойчивости. Продемонстрирована возможность использования современного флуориметра для оценки физиологического состояния растений, в период стресса, вызванного засухой. Образцы, выделенные как засухоустойчивые, будут использованы в гибридизации для создания ценных гибридных популяций и в дальнейшем отечественных засухоустойчивых сортов, адаптированных к условиям безполивного земледелия РК.

Synthesis of 3-chloro-N,N-diethyl-N-(2-(mesitylamino)-2-oxoethyl)propan-1-aminium iodide (1) was performed by via N-alkylation in conventional conditions and using microwave irradiation and ultrasound activation. The synthesized ionic compound was characterized using IR, 1H and 13C NMR, growth-stimulating activity had been tested for ten varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum seeds.

The present work describes the synthesis, growth‐regulating activity, and antimicrobial behavior of ionic compounds based on 2‐diethylamino‐N‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)acetamide (trimecaine). Synthesis of ionic compounds was performed via N‐alkylation of trimecaine with alkyl halides using microwave and ultrasound activation and the results were compared with those of classical conditions (thermal activation). The synthesized ionic compounds have been tested for germination energy and capacity with the collection of different varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum seeds. The valuable results were obtained for the seeds stored for several years for which the significant drop in germination activity is usually observed. Furthermore, the ionic compounds were used to study their biological activity – growth –regulating activity on sweet sorghum seeds and the antimicrobial behavior against E. coli, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans microorganisms.

The aim of this study was to synthesize novel ionic compound – 1-propargyl-1-(2-methyl-3-oxo-3-(p-tolyl)propyl)-piperidin-1-ium bromide – via the N-alkylation (in conventional conditions and using ultrasound activation), and investigate its influence on the plant growth-stimulating activity using of sweet sorghum seeds. The synthesized compound was fully characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Regardless of the type of synthesis’ methods, the isolated yield of the produced ionic compound is showed 79-81%, however, the reaction rate was significantly increased by using ultrasonic activation. For the assessment of the growth-stimulating activity of the synthesized ionic compound, parameters such as root length, shoot length, seed energy germination rate, and germination capacity were determined on 10 genotypes of sweet sorghum seeds. The results of samples with low concentration (0.001% vol. solution) were demonstrated the higher intensity for tested genotypes than control samples, especially for process of gemmogenesis and intensity of rhizogenesis. The results of this study can be used as basis for the further development of plant growth stimulants based on ionic compounds.

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The results of the use of haploid biotechnology based on the culture of isolated microspores in vitro in the selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance to rust diseases were presented. By the method of haploid biotechnology, valuable doubled haploid lines of wheat from promising hybrids were created. Doubled haploid lines of wheat were tested for resistance to rust diseases. A new high-yielding wheat variety was selected from doubled haploid lines and it was zoned in the Almaty and Zhambyl regions of Southern Kazakhstan.

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