The aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine consumption during pregnancy on birth weight and its possible interaction with smoking. The sample included 1,011 women who were interviewed during their first 3 days after delivery in one of the hospitals of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. A significant reduction in birth weight was found to be associated with an average caffeine intake of > or = 71 mg per day, after adjustment for gestational age, infant sex, parity, and maternal height and weight, but only in infants born to nonsmoking mothers.

Conditional logistic regression analysis of case-control study data showed that the following factors were significantly related to rheumatic fever occurrence: home dampness, change of place of residence during the last 5 years, low education of mother, body weight below normal, frequent sore throat and positive family history of rheumatic fever.

This case-control study comprised 100 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 100 hospital controls matched with cases by sex, age and place of residence. The following variables were tested for their association with cancer of the larynx: marital status, educational level, hard liquor consumption, cigarette smoking, unfavorable working conditions, sudden and frequent temperature changes at work, cold housing, loud speech at work, frequent hoarseness, frequent and persistent cough, persistently swollen neck glands, tonsillectomy and laryngeal surgery. According to conditional logistic regression analysis, significant association with laryngeal cancer was found for unfavourable working conditions for more than 10 years (OR = 4.36; 95% CI = 1.92-9.91), hard liquor consumption for more than 5 years (OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.14-5.87), cigarette smoking for more than 10 years (OR = 7.29; 95% CI = 2.41-22.09), tonsillectomy (OR = 4.80; 95% CI = 1.61-14.30) and frequent and persistent cough prior to disease (OR = 8.17; 95% CI = 1.72-38.76).

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According to the results obtained, the urban population of Belgrade is among populations with a low prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis.

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Age adjustment of the yearly mortality rates was carried out by a direct method using five year intervals and the distribution of the "European population" as the standard. ResultsAccording to the data in table 1, cardiovascular diseases were the major cause of death in this group. In both sexes cardiovascular diseases accounted for more than 40% of all causes of death, and heart diseases were responsible for 74% and 66% of all cardiovascular disease deaths in men and women respectively (table 2).In men, a decreasing trend in mortality was found only for ischaemic heart disease. During the same period an increasing mortality trend was observed for "all causes", for all cardiovascular diseases, other heart diseases, and cerebrovascular disease (fig 1).In women, a decline in the mortality trend Endocrinal, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immune disorders