The aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine consumption during pregnancy on birth weight and its possible interaction with smoking. The sample included 1,011 women who were interviewed during their first 3 days after delivery in one of the hospitals of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. A significant reduction in birth weight was found to be associated with an average caffeine intake of > or = 71 mg per day, after adjustment for gestational age, infant sex, parity, and maternal height and weight, but only in infants born to nonsmoking mothers.
Conditional logistic regression analysis of case-control study data showed that the following factors were significantly related to rheumatic fever occurrence: home dampness, change of place of residence during the last 5 years, low education of mother, body weight below normal, frequent sore throat and positive family history of rheumatic fever.
This case-control study comprised 100 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 100 hospital controls matched with cases by sex, age and place of residence. The following variables were tested for their association with cancer of the larynx: marital status, educational level, hard liquor consumption, cigarette smoking, unfavorable working conditions, sudden and frequent temperature changes at work, cold housing, loud speech at work, frequent hoarseness, frequent and persistent cough, persistently swollen neck glands, tonsillectomy and laryngeal surgery. According to conditional logistic regression analysis, significant association with laryngeal cancer was found for unfavourable working conditions for more than 10 years (OR = 4.36; 95% CI = 1.92-9.91), hard liquor consumption for more than 5 years (OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.14-5.87), cigarette smoking for more than 10 years (OR = 7.29; 95% CI = 2.41-22.09), tonsillectomy (OR = 4.80; 95% CI = 1.61-14.30) and frequent and persistent cough prior to disease (OR = 8.17; 95% CI = 1.72-38.76).
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