Infectious diseases mortality in central Serbia.

Vlajinac, Hristina; Marinković, Jelena; Kocev, Nikola; Adanja, B; Pekmezović, Tatjana; Šipetić, Sandra; Jovanović, D.

doi:10.1136/jech.51.2.172

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition, impact of crises on infectious diseases has been evidenced by numerous studies in Greece, countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Cuba and South Africa [25, 38–40]. Since there is no mortality data available for the previous period, a study by Vlajinac and colleagues [13], that described the trend of declining mortality in the region of Central Serbia in the period 1973–1993, may provide insight since it could indicate the mortality pattern from infectious diseases during this period. Vlajinac and colleagues [13] showed that during the period 1987–1990, mortality from infectious diseases, for both men and women, was significantly higher than expected on the basis of the trend for the preceding period, and that there was a statistically significant departure from the preceding trend in men from the period between 1991 and 1993, with the main effect being in younger age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serbia is a small country in southeast Europe; in addition to civil wars, sanctions and bombing, democratic socioeconomic changes and financial crisis marked its socio-political landscape at the beginning of the 21st century. To date, the epidemiological studies on infectious diseases in Serbia have assessed patterns within only focused geographical regions of the country [13]. The purpose of our study, therefore, was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of mortality rates of infectious diseases in the entire country of Serbia within the recent decades (1991-2014), representing a time-frame of civil wars and global crisis; understanding the trends in these mortality rates, as related to demographic parameters and principal causes, can help to improve control of infectious diseases in Serbia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender disparities in mortality from infectious diseases in Serbia, 1991–2014: a time of civil wars and global crisis

Ilic

Ilić

2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Infectious diseases remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The aim of this descriptive epidemiological study was to analyse the trends in mortality from infectious diseases in Serbia (excluding the Autonomous Province of Kosovo & Metohia) from 1991 to 2014 using joinpoint regression analysis. The mortality rates from infectious diseases were found to have increased markedly from 1991 to 1994 (+12·4% per year), followed by a significant decline from 1994 to 2009 (-4·6% per year) and then another increase from 2009 to 2014 (+4·3% per year). Throughout the study period, mortality rates were consistently higher in men than in women. Although a substantial decline was observed for young people of both sexes, no consistent pattern was evident for the middle-aged nor the elderly. Since 1991, septicaemia has emerged as a leading cause of infectious disease mortality, particularly in older men. The Yugoslav civil wars in the 1990s and the global financial crisis in 2008 corresponded with changes in the trends in mortality from infectious diseases in Serbia, with the elderly showing particular vulnerability during those time periods. Data presented in this study might be useful to improve control of infectious diseases in Serbia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender disparities in mortality from infectious diseases in Serbia, 1991–2014: a time of civil wars and global crisis

Ilic

Ilić

2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Most articles identifying physical effects (59%; 16/27) provided evidence for increased mortality—a large majority from within those articles (88%; 14/16) for infant mortality, 5,41–53 a quarter (25%; 4/16) for maternal mortality, 42,47,48,52,53 and more than a third (36%; 6/16) for general mortality. 48,49,52,54,55 Reasons reported for increased mortality, especially infant and maternal mortality, included mortality from infectious disease, 5,41,45,51,54 noncommunicable diseases, 41,48 nutrition-related causes, 5,41,42,46–48,51 increased poverty, 42,45,46,49 reduced access to medicines and health care, 41,42,44–47,49,51 and destruction of public infrastructure. 41,42,45 Two articles (13%; 2/16) reported that compared to war or natural emergencies, the highest rates of infant mortality occurred under sanctions, concluding that prolonged sanctions are more lethal for infants and children than other sources of social and political distress.…”

Section: Direct Impact Of Sanctions On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Violence of Non-Violence: A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review on the Health Effects of Sanctions

Chaufan

Yousefi

Zaman

2022

International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Heal

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The use of sanctions as a policy tool to affect change in the political behavior of target states has increased over the past 30 years, along with a concern about their impact on civilian health. Some researchers have proposed that targeting sanctions can avoid their moral costs, yet others have challenged this claim. This systematic mixed-studies review explored the debate about targeted sanctions by appraising their health effects as reported in the medical and public health literature, with a global focus and through the COVID-19 era. We searched three electronic databases without temporal or geographical restrictions and identified 50 studies spanning three decades (1992–2021) meeting our inclusion criteria. Using a piloted form, we extracted quotations addressing our research questions and identified themes that we grouped according to the effects of sanctions on health or its determinants, generating frequency distributions to assess the strength of support for each theme. While no study posited a causal relationship between sanctions and health, or engaged the morality of sanctions, most implied that when sanctions were present, health was inevitably impacted, even for sanctions ostensibly targeted to minimize civilian harm. Our findings suggest that given the integrated nature of the global economy, it is all but impossible to design sanctions that will achieve their stated goals without inflicting significant harm on civilians. We conclude that the use of sanctions as a policy tool threatens global health and human rights, especially in times of crises.

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“…These conditions were characterized by a lack of medical equipment, improper maintenance of the existing equipment, a lack of drugs, and a shortage of other medical supplies, as well as a lack of funding. Medical services were administered on a priority basis, and for urgent cases only, because the health service could not cope with all its tasks [18, 19]. The rapid increase in stroke mortality in the period 1994–1998 could be a manifestation of these unfavorable living conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Mortality in Belgrade, Serbia: Age, Period, and Cohort Analyses

Pekmezović

Tepavčević²,

Jarebinski³

et al. 2007

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Objective: To assess the age, period, and cohort effects on stroke mortality in Belgrade, Serbia, between 1989 and 2003. Methods: Mortality data for stroke events were obtained from the Municipal Institute of Statistics. The age- and gender-specific mortality rates were calculated for the cohorts of individuals born between 1904–1908 and 1964–1968. Results: In males, the average mortality rate increased from 80.9/100,000 in 1989–1993 to 111.3/100,000 in 1994–1998, and decreased slightly to 101.8/100,000 in 1999–2003. A similar pattern was observed among females. Stroke mortality risk was strongly related to age in both genders. This age effect was present for both genders, independent of the cohort or time period. The majority of the successive generations in Belgrade had an increased risk of death from stroke in the recent cohorts especially among females. Conclusions: Our results suggest the need to improve efforts in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke.

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Infectious diseases mortality in central Serbia.

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Gender disparities in mortality from infectious diseases in Serbia, 1991–2014: a time of civil wars and global crisis

Gender disparities in mortality from infectious diseases in Serbia, 1991–2014: a time of civil wars and global crisis

The Violence of Non-Violence: A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review on the Health Effects of Sanctions

Stroke Mortality in Belgrade, Serbia: Age, Period, and Cohort Analyses

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