Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species and to observe correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: Two hundred fifty six clinical samples collected from patients who were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and on device, patients from Surgery, Medicine, Gynae & Obs and Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and from Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Biofilm formation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter species recovered from clinical samples including tracheal aspirates, blood, urine, wound swab, pus, throat swab, endotracheal tubes, burn samples, ascitic fluid, sputum, aural swab, oral swab, cerebrospinal fluid, and catheter tip. Correlation of biofilm formation with antimicrobial resistance pattern among Acinetobacter isolates were also observed in this study. Result: A total of 256 various specimens were studied of which 95 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 161 Non ICU samples. Out of 95 ICU and 161 Non ICU samples, Acinetobacter species were isolated from 32 (33.7%) and 20(12.4%) respectively. From 32 ICU and 20 Non ICU Acinetobacter isolates, 28 (87.5%) and 11 (55%) were biofilm producers. Biofilm forming capacity of Acinetobacter species was significantly (p<0.008) greater in ICU than in Non ICU isolates. In both ICU and Non ICU isolates, biofilm forming Acinetobacter species were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and aztreonam. Resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem was higher among biofilm forming Acinetobacter isolates in ICU than Non ICU isolates. Susceptibility to colistin was 100% in Non ICU isolates but in ICU it showed 7.1% resistance. Conclusions: This investigation showed that most of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species were biofilm producers especially from ICU samples and they were multidrug resistant. Even polymixin resistant Acinetobacter isolates are slowly emerging. This is very alerming for us that biofilm forming multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species represents a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized patients. So, antibiotic policy and guidelines are essential to eliminate major outbreak in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14533 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 28-32
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in developing countries like Bangladesh. This study is, therefore, designed to determine the bacterial uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance pattern among patients with complaints of UTIs in Dhaka city. This study was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to June 2015. A total of 2541 urine samples were collected in sterile containers from suspected urinary tract infected cases. A specimen was considered positive for UTI if an organism was cultured at a concentration of ≥105CFU/ml or when an organism was cultured at a concentration of 104CFU/ml and >5 pus cells per high power field. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacterial species was performed by disc diffusion method following the National Committee for Clinical laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. A total of 303 (11.92%) bacterial uropathogens were isolated from 2541 urine samples. Among the 303 isolates, majority of the isolates 197 (65.02%) were from females. Both the age groups up to 18 years and above 18 years the highest prevalence was found in females 34(11.22%) and 163 (53.79%) respectively. Most predominant organism was Escherichia coli 262(86.46%)followed by Pseudomonas 12(3.96%), Enterococci 12(3.96%), Klebsiella11(3.63%). Escherichiacoli showed very high resistance to amoxycillin 95.41%, cefradin 90.45%, nalidixic acid and Klebsiella to amoxycillin 90.90%, nitrofurantoin 90.90%. Again Pseudomonas was highly resistant to cefuroxime 100%, cefexime 100%and ceftriaxone 83.33%. Enterococci were found highly resistance to cefexime 91.66%, cloxacillin 83.33%, and erythromycin 83.33%.Due to wide scale resistance of the drugs used to treat UTI, choice of drugs in the treatment of UTI is quite narrow. In country like ours awareness for prevention of UTI should be encouraged among the community level as it affects all age groups.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 12-18
Critically ill patients acquire an infection during their stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) and the frequency of these infections varies considerably in different populations and clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to know the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Acinetobacter isolates from tracheal aspirate, blood from central venous catheter, peripheral blood, urine and endotracheal tube of patients admitted in ICU at BSMMU(Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University) hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a one year period from January 2010 to December 2010. A total 95 ICU samples were studied of which 32(33.7%) were Acinetobacter species. Acinetobacter species isolated from endotracheal tube (100%), tracheal aspirate (54.3%), blood from central venous catheter (36.4%), peripheral blood (13.6%), and urine (12.5%). Acinetobacter isolates were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone cefuroxime and gentamicin. Higher level of resistance was recorded for amikacin (68.4%) and imipenem (66.7%). Lower resistance only showed in colistin (10.5%). The findings of this study will help our clinician to apply antibiotics for treatment of the patients admitted in ICU. Producing a local antibiogram database will improve the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Bangladesh and will also help to improve treatment strategies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19352 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 3-6
The intestinal parasites and their prevalence and intensity of infestation was investigated. A total of 793 stool samples were examined from the out patients of Dhaka medical College Hospital. Eggs and lavae of six species of intestinal parasites were recovered, of which two species were protozoans: Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903; and Giardia intestinalis (Lambl, 1859) and four species of helminthes: Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758; Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1771) Stiles, 1901; Ancylostoma duodenale (Dubini, 1843) Creplin, 1845; and Enterobius vermicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)]. The overall prevalence of infestation was 43.253% and egg per gram (EPG) of infestation was slightly higher in males than females. Prevalence of intestinal helminth was found higher than intestinal protozoans. Among the six species of intestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides showed highest prevalence (21.689%) and Enterobius vermicularis lowest prevalence (1.008%). Among the patients of the hospital, highest prevalence (83.333%) was observed in 0 - 10 years age group and lowest (30.167%) in 51 - 60 years age-group.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 89-97, 2016
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